Promise Essay Example for Free

Promise Essay The teacher walked into the classroom. It was the first period that day. â€Å"Good morning, everyone. How was your holiday? † Mrs. Jane asked. â€Å"Great! † â€Å"Fun! † â€Å"Exciting! † Those were the words came from every student in the class describing their end-year holidays. Of course holiday is fun and interesting days for everyone. But, for Jessica, it was a boring holiday since her parents rarely spent their times with her due to their busy schedules even during her school holidays. She just kept quiet as if she did not hear when Mrs. Jane asked them. She seems hardly opened her mouth since she entering the class. After sometimes Mrs. Jane realized that Jessica disliked her school holidays. She quickly switches her topic. â€Å"Okay, now. Everyone, I’m going to introduce you to your new classmate, Tiffany,† announced Mrs. Jane. She welcomes Tiffany to the classroom. Mrs. Jane then asked her to introduce herself. After that she asked her to sit beside Jessica. â€Å"Hi, I’m Jessica. Nice to meet you,† Jessica greeted her with a broad smile. â€Å"Nice to meet you too,† Tiffany said with a broad smile too. Mrs. Jane smiled to herself when she saw that Jessica smiled broadly. Mrs. Jane felt relief knowing that Jessica was happy to have a new friend. Alright, everyone~ Let’s start our first lesson today,† Mrs. Jane told the class. The lesson for the day was very interesting as the students seemed to be enjoying the lesson. It was at about 2pm everyone was waiting for the final bell to ring that marked the end of the lesson of the day. Jessica and tiffany walked hand-in-hand on their way home. â€Å"Do you usually walk home? † Tiffany asked Jessica while walking along the corridor. â€Å"Yes. I’d rather walking than going by car,† Jessica told her. â€Å"I used to walk too,† said Tiffany. â€Å"Hey†¦ can I ask you something? † Jessica asked. â€Å"Sure. Why not? † Tiffany wondering what is she going to ask her. Can we be friend? † Jessica asked. Her face turned reddish red. Tiffany giggled. â€Å"Why are you asking that silly question? We’re already friends,† she said. â€Å"What? Really? Thanks! † Jessica said and hugged her tightly. â€Å"No problem,† Tiffany said and Jessica released the hug. â€Å"Now, let us promise,† she said. â€Å"What? † â€Å"Let’s be friend forever no matter what happen. Even if we were separated one day, we will always keep in touch, okay? † She told her. â€Å"Okay~ I promise. † Jessica said. After promising to each other, they headed to their own home. Day after day, their relationship became closer and closer. They always spent their weekend together at each other’s home. During the holiday, Jessica spent her holiday with tiffany and her family since Jessica’s parents was always busy. A few months later, Jessica parents told her that they will move overseas. Knowing this, Jessica’s tears rolling down to her cheeks. â€Å"We know you can’t separate with Tiffany. But, we have to move, dear. Anyways, you will have some new friends there,† her mother tried to console her. One day after the school was over; Jessica told tiffany that she will move to New York that evening. â€Å"Really? But, I know you will come to visit me in the future, right? Tiffany asked as her tears rolled down her cheeks. â€Å"Yes. I will,† that was all Jessica can say at that moment. They went home as usual. That evening, Tiffany went to the airport to say goodbye to Jessica. Jessica was happy to see her present at the airport and wish her happy journey. She hugged Tiffany and felt heavy to let her go. As it was already time to go to the departure hall, Tiffany loosens her hug and let her go. â€Å"Promise me that you will not cry when you arrive there and I promise to wait for you to come here,† Tiffany promised. â€Å"I promise. And, I promise I will be back,† Jessica told her. Alright, girls. It’s time to go and say goodbye,† Jessica’s mother said to them. â€Å"Okay, mom. † Jessica said. Then, they bid their farewell. Two years later, Tiffany pursued her study in college. Even though they were separated, they always keep in touch through social network and phone call. Since Jessica was busy with her college activities, she didn’t have enough time to go back to Canada. But, she still kept her promise. She told Tiffany that she will be back next week. Tiffany was so delighted to hear the news. Two weeks later, but Jessica still not coming back. She was very disappointed and upset with Jessica. One day, Jessica’s mother went to Tiffany’s house. She told Tiffany why Jessica will not come. She told her that Jessica died in a car accident while on her way to the airport two weeks ago. â€Å"No! That shouldn’t be! She won’t leave me! † Tiffany cried out loudly. She feels that she can’t bear it anymore. Her mother and Jessica’s mother tried to console her. Tiffany went to New York that night. Upon arriving at New York, she went to Jessica’s grave. Tears gushing out of her eyes until she felt that no more tears came out. It’s been two years after Jessica’s death; Tiffany soon became a famous singer as they promise in the past.

Girl with the Pearl Earrings Essay Example for Free

Girl with the Pearl Earrings Essay There could be many different interpretations of the ending scene when the pearl earrings are returned to Griet. The look on Griet’s face is a look of shock, some anger, and recollection. Catharina gave Griet the pearl earrings because she cannot bear to wear them, nor stand the sight of them since the day she saw the painting. Vermeer betrayed Catharina and the earrings are the biggest reminder of the betrayal, so to move on from the time Griet spent as their maid and rid all those memories from her mind she needed to give away the earrings. Catharina could have given them to anyone, sold them, or even just threw them away; instead she chose to give them to Griet. She gave them to Griet, to let Griet know that she is not mad at her and she understands Griet did nothing wrong. Catharina shows that her anger and hurt comes from Vermeer’s betrayal when she, with tears in her eyes, looks at Vermeer and asks â€Å"Why don’t you paint me? † In which Vermeer replies that she doesn’t understand. Catharina then in a rage tries to slash the painting, but Vermeer stops her. She then shifts her anger to the only thing she can do, which is make Griet leave. Catharina making Griet leave was misplaced anger, it was anger she wanted to take out on her husband and the painting but couldn’t. Therefore to make it up to Griet for making her leave, she sent her the pearl earrings. She was an emotional wreck in tears and screaming, outranged by her husband’s actions and Griet was a weak young girl she could at the time let her anger out on. After a few days of thinking she realized she was wrong and had Tanneke take the gift to Griet. Vermeer not only betrayed his wife but he also betrayed Griet at the end. When Catharina tells Griet to leave Griet looks at Vermeer to say something, to let Catharina know she has done nothing wrong. Vermeer says nothing though and just lets her leave, which is devastating to her. Griet then even tries one more time to go to talk to him before she leaves to give it one more chance, but he just lets her leave. Vermeer is to blame for all that happened, but lets his wife take the blame out on Griet and then lets Griet take the blame that should be his. He hurts everyone in this story, instead of being a man and taking up for his wrong actions, he is childlike. The sudden music that plays in the movie when Griet opens the earrings is a shocking sound, in disbelief that Catharina has given them to her and is not mad. Griet at first is shocked, and you can see it all over her face. Then she clutches them in her hand as to say thank you and looks off in the other direction as thinking â€Å"What should I do now? † I did not think I would enjoy this novel because I’m not very into historical fiction but I actually enjoyed the novel and movie very much. It was extremely interesting to me, kept me constantly thinking about what each character was thinking. I do however wish the ending had a little more, like maybe letting us know where Griet ended up but I guess we are just supposed to figure that out our selves.

Study of various RISC and CISC processor

Study of various RISC and CISC processor INTRODUCTION: The processor (CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is the computers brain. It allows the processing of numeric data, meaning information entered in binary form, and the execution of instructions stored in memory. The first microprocessor (Intel 4004) was invented in 1971. It was a 4-bit calculation device with a speed of 108 kHz. Since then, microprocessor power has grown exponentially. Operation The processor (called CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is an electronic circuit that operates at the speed of an internal clock thanks to a quartz crystal that, when subjected to an electrical currant, send pulses, called peaks. The clock speed (also called cycle), corresponds to the number of pulses per second, written in Hertz (Hz). Thus, a 200 MHz computer has a clock that sends 200,000,000 pulses per second. With each clock peak, the processor performs an action that corresponds to an instruction or a part there of. A measure called CPI (Cycles Per Instruction) gives a representation of the average number of clock cycles required for a microprocessor to execute an instruction. A microprocessor power can thus be characterized by the number of instructions per second that it is capable of processing. MIPS (millions of instructions per second) is the unit used and corresponds to the processor frequency divided by the CPI. One of the primary goals of computer architects is to design computers that are more cost effective than their predecessors. Cost-effectiveness includes the cost of hardware to manufacture the machine, the cost of programming, and costs incurred related to the architecture in debugging.Both the initial hardware and subsequent programs. If we review the history of computer families we find that the most common architectural change is the trend toward ever more complex machines. Presumably this additional complexity has a positive trade off with regard to the cost effectiveness of newer models. The Microprocessor Revolution:- The engine of the computer revolution is the microprocessor. It has led to new inventions, such as FAX machines and personal computers, as well as adding intelligence to existing devices, such as wristwatches and automobiles. Moreover, its performance has improved by a factor of roughly 10,000 in the 25 years since its birth in 1971. This increase coincided with the introduction of Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC). The instruction set is the hardware language in which the software tells the processor what to do. Surprisingly, reducing the size of the instruction set eliminating certain instructions based upon a careful quantitative analysis, and requiring these seldom-used instructions to be emulated in software can lead to higher performance, for several reasons:- REASONS FOR INCREASED COMPLEXITY Speed of Memory vs. Speed of CPU:- .from the 701 to the 709 [Cocke80]. The 701 CPU was about ten times as fast as the core main memory this made any primitives that were implemented as subroutines much slower than primitives that were instructions. 709 more cost-effective than the 701. Since then, many higher-level instructions have been added to machines in an attempt to improve performance. Microcode and LSI Technology:- Microprogrammed control allows the implementation of complex architectures more cost-effectively than hardwired control.Advances in integrated circuit memories made in the late 60s and early 70s have caused microprogrammed control to be the more cost-effective approach in almost every case. Once the decision is made to use microprogrammed control, the cost to expand an instruction set is very small; only a few more words of control store. Examples of such instructions are string editing, integer-to-floating conversion, and mathematical operations such as polynomial evaluation. Code Density:- With early computers, memory was very expensive. It was therefore cost effective to have very compact programs. Attempting to obtain code density by increasing the complexity of the instruction set is often a double-edged the cost of 10% more memory is often far cheaper than the cost of squeezing 10% out of the CPU by architectural innovations. Marketing Strategy:- Unfortunately, the primary goal of a computer company is not to design the most cost-effective computer; the primary goal of a computer company is to make the most money by selling computers. In order to sell computers manufacturers must convince customers that their design is superior to their competitors.In order to keep their jobs, architects must keep selling new and better designs to their internal management. Upward Compatibility:- Coincident with marketing strategy is the perceived need for upward compatibility. Upward compatibility means that the primary way to improve a design is to add new, and usually more complex, features. Seldom are instructions or addressing modes removed from an architecture, resulting in a gradual increase in both the number and complexity of instructions over a series of computers. Support for High Level Languages:- As the use of high level languages becomes increasingly popular, manufacturers have become eager to provide more powerful instructions to support them. Unfortunately there is little evidence to suggest that any of the more complicated instruction sets have actually provided such support.The effort to support high-level languages is laudable, but we feel that often the focus has been on the wrong issues. Use of Multiprogramming:- The rise of timesharing required that computers be able to respond to interrupts with the ability to halt an executing process and restart it at a later time. Memory management and paging additionally required that instructions could be halted before completion and later restarted. RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing) The acronym RISC (pronounced risk), for reduced instruction set computing, represents a CPU design strategy emphasizing the insight that simplified instructions that do less may still provide for higher performance if this simplicity can be utilized to make instructions execute very quickly. Many proposals for a precise definition have been attempted, and the term is being slowly replaced by the more descriptive load-store architecture. Being an old idea, some aspects attributed to the first RISC-labeled designs (around 1975) include the observations that the memory restricted compilers of the time were often unable to take advantage of features intended to facilitate coding, and that complex addressing inherently takes many cycles to perform. It was argued that such functions would better be performed by sequences of simpler instructions, if this could yield implementations simple enough to cope with really high frequencies, and small enough to leave room for many registers, factoring out slow memory accesses. Uniform, fixed length an instruction with arithmetics restricted to registers was chosen to ease instruction pipelining in these simple designs, with special load-store instructions accessing memory. The RISC Design Strategies:- The basic RISC principle: A simpler CPU is a faster CPU. The focus of the RISC design is reduction of the number and complexity of instructions in the ISA. A number of the more common strategies include: 1) Fixed instruction length, generally one word. This simplifies instruction fetch. 2) Simplified addressing modes. 3) Fewer and simpler instructions in the instruction set. 4) Only load and store instructions access memory; no add memory to register, add memory to memory, etc. 5) Let the compiler do it. Use a good compiler to break complex high-level language statements into a number of simple assembly language statements. Typical characteristics of RISC:- For any given level of general performance, a RISC chip will typically have far fewer transistors dedicated to the core logic which originally allowed designers to increase the size of the register set and increase internal parallelism. Other features, which are typically found in RISC architectures, are: Uniform instruction format, using a single word with the opcode in the same bit positions in every instruction, demanding less decoding; Identical general purpose registers, allowing any register to be used in any context, simplifying compiler design (although normally there are separate floating point registers); Simple addressing modes. Complex addressing performed via sequences of arithmetic and/or load-store operations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fixed length instructions which (a) are easier to decode than variable length instructions, and (b) use fast, inexpensive memory to execute a larger piece of code. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hardwired controller instructions (as opposed to microcoded instructions). This is where RISC really shines as hardware implementation of instructions is much faster and uses less silicon real estate than a microstore area. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fused or compound instructions which are heavily optimized for the most commonly used functions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pipelined implementations with goal of executing one instruction (or more) per machine cycle. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Large uniform register set à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ minimal number of addressing modes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ no/minimal support for misaligned accesses. RISC Examples:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Apple iPods (custom ARM7TDMI SoC) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Apple iPhone (Samsung ARM1176JZF) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Palm and PocketPC PDAs and smartphones (Intel XScale family, Samsung SC32442 ARM9) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Nintendo Game Boy Advance (ARM7) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Nintendo DS (ARM7, ARM9) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sony Network Walkman (Sony in-house ARM based chip) Advantages of RISC * Speed * Simpler hardware * Shorter design cycle * User (programmers benifits) Disadvantages Of RISC q A more sophisticated compiler is required q A sequence of RISC instructions is needed to implement complex instructions. q Require very fast memory systems to feed them instructions. q Performance of a RISC application depend critically on the quality of the code generated by the compiler. CISC(complex instruction set computer) A complex instruction set computer (CISC, pronounced like sisk) is a computer instruction set architecture (ISA) in which each instruction can execute several low-level operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction. Performance:- Some instructions were added that were never intended to be used in assembly language but fit well with compiled high level languages. Compilers were updated to take advantage of these instructions. The benefits of semantically rich instructions with compact encodings can be seen in modern processors as well, particularly in the high performance segment where caches are a central component (as opposed to most embedded systems). This is because these fast, but complex and expensive, memories are inherently limited in size, making compact code beneficial. Of course, the fundamental reason they are needed is that main memories (i.e. dynamic RAM today) remain slow compared to a (high performance) CPU-core. ADVANTAGES OF CISC * A new processor design could incorporate the instruction set of its predecessor as a subset of an ever-growing languageno need to reinvent the wheel, code-wise, with each design cycle. * Fewer instructions were needed to implement a particular computing task, which led to lower memory use for program storage and fewer time-consuming instruction fetches from memory. * Simpler compilers sufficed, as complex CISC instructions could be written that closely resembled the instructions of high-level languages. In effect, CISC made a computers assembly language more like a high-level language to begin with, leaving the compiler less to do. DISADVANTAGES OF CISC * The first advantage listed above could be viewed as a disadvantage. That is, the incorporation of older instruction sets into new generations of processors tended to force growing complexity. * Many specialized CISC instructions were not used frequently enough to justify their existence. The existence of each instruction needed to be justified because each one requires the storage of more microcode at in the central processing unit (the final and lowest layer of code translation), which must be built in at some cost. * Because each CISC command must be translated by the processor into tens or even hundreds of lines of microcode, it tends to run slower than an equivalent series of simpler commands that do not require so much translation. All translation requires time. * Because a CISC machine builds complexity into the processor, where all its various commands must be translated into microcode for actual execution, the design of CISC hardware is more difficult and the CISC design cycle correspondingly long; this means delay in getting to market with a new chip. Comparison of RISC and CISC This table is taken from an IEEE tutorial on RISC architecture. CISC Type Computers RISC Type IBM 370/168 VAX-11/780 Intel 8086 RISC I IBM 801 Developed 1973 1978 1978 1981 1980 Instructions 208 303 133 31 120 Instruction size (bits) 16 48 16 456 8 32 32 32 Addressing Modes 4 22 6 3 3 General Registers 16 16 4 138 32 Control Memory Size 420 Kb 480 Kb Not given 0 0 Cache Size 64 Kb 64 Kb Not given 0 Not given However, nowadays, the difference between RISC and CISC chips is getting smaller and smaller. RISC and CISC architectures are becoming more and more alike. Many of todays RISC chips support just as many instructions as yesterdays CISC chips. The PowerPC 601, for example, supports more instructions than the Pentium. Yet the 601 is considered a RISC chip, while the Pentium is definitely CISC. RISCs are leading in:- * New machine designs * Research funding * Publications * Reported performance * CISCs are leading in: * REVENUE Performance * The CISC approach attempts to minimize the number of instructions per program, sacrificing the number of cycles per instruction. * RISC does the opposite, reducing the cycles per instruction at the cost of the number of instructions per program. * Hybrid solutions: * RISC core CISC interface * Still has specific performance tuning Future Aspects Todays microprocessors are roughly 10,000 times faster than their ancestors. And microprocessor-based computer systems now cost only 1/40th as much as their ancestors, when inflation is considered. The result: an overall cost-performance improvement of roughly 1,000,000, in only 25 years! This extraordinary advance is why computing plays such a large role in todays world. Had the research at universities and industrial laboratories not occurred had the complex interplay between government, industry, and academia not been so successful a comparable advance would still be years away. Microprocessor performance can continue to double every 18 months beyond the turn of the century. This rate can be sustained by continued research innovation. Significant new ideas will be needed in the next decade to continue the pace; such ideas are being developed by research groups today. Conclusion The research that led to the development of RISC architectures represented an important shift in computer science, with emphasis moving from hardware to software. The eventual dominance of RISC technology in high-performance workstations from the mid to late 1980s was a deserved success. In recent years CISC processors have been designed that successfully overcome the limitations of their instruction set architecture that is more elegant and power-efficient, but compilers need to be improved and clock speeds need to increase to match the aggressive design of the latest Intel processors. REFERENCES: Books: 1. Computer system Architecture by M. Morris Mano 2. Processor Archicture by jurij silc, Borut Robic 3. George Radin, The 801 Minicomputer, IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol.27 No.3, 1983 4. John Cocke and V. Markstein, The evolution of RISC technology at IBM, IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol.34 No.1, 1990 5. Dileep Bhandarkar, RISC versus CISC: A Tale of Two Chips, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California Encyclopedia: 1. Encarta 2. Britanica

Brave New World - Summary Essay -- essays research papers

Basic Plot: This novel takes place in the year 632 A.F. The government controls the population of Utopia, there are only test tube births and an artificial process for multiplying the embryos. Marriage is forbidden. There are ten World Controllers; these people control the government and all of their plans. In the very beginning there are students being given a guided party line tour through the London Hatcheries. Two employees that work there are Henry Foster and Lenina Crowne, they have been dating each other too much and are discouraged by the state. So Lenina’s best friend, Fanny, picks on her because of this. Lenina then meets Bernard Marx, and grows to like him so much that she agrees to go on a vacation with him to a New Mexican Savage Reservation. This is a place where people are sent to if they do not abide to the laws of the Utopian world. This is where problems begin to happen and the Director of Hatcheries, Tomakin, threatens exile to Marx if he does not mend his ways, for he has become very out spoken. While at this reservation Lenina and Bernard meet a savage, John, and his mother Linda. From talking to John and Linda, Bernard pieces together their past. He finds out that Linda traveled to the Reservation with Tomakin years ago and became pregnant; therefore Tomakin left her at the reservation never to see her again. Linda gave birth, to John, therefore breaking a law and never being permitted to enter Utopia again. Bernard and Lenina brought Linda and John back to Utopia with the permission of one of the World Controllers. When they arrive home Bernard finds out that the Directors o Hatcheries is about to exile him, then which Marx produces John and Linda that greet him as son and wife. Tomakin then resigned in disgrace. Bernard and a friend, Helmholtz Watson, help to adjust John to Utopia, and spend each day showing off Utopia to him. John becomes more disgusted and appalled with each passing day. Mean while, Lenina has become infatuated with John and made sexual advances toward him, and this ruins his image of her as an object of worship, so he spurns her. Soon his mother died and John went berserk and tried to lecture the Utopians back to sanity. A riot takes place and Bernard and Helmholtz are exiled, but John is ordered to stay behind. John is determined to escape Utopia and flees to a deserted spot outside London. But Utopia come... ... book I felt both shock and disappointment. The ending shocked me, but I have to say that it was my favorite part of the book and I really don’t care for any other parts of the book. I was disappointed that the book ended like that and so suddenly. Also I was sort of hoping and thinking that there would have been a happy ending, where both John and Lenina ended up together, or that the Utopians would of changed their ways of life. I would recommend this book to someone whom likes to read science fiction books about the future, because this book could be a possibility of how the future will be. Also a science fiction book like this would be enjoyed by people who like to read science fiction books because it is a very technical and realistic novel, written by a descriptive author. In the year of 1932 quite a lot was beginning to take place nationally and around the world. In the U.S. Franklin D. Roosevelt had just been elected the Presidential Office. The open-air theater opened with ‘Merrie England’. And over in Germany the beginning of Nazis was starting to take action, with Adolf Hitler as their leader. This is just a few events that were taking place during the year of 1932.

The Song of Evils Powerful Domination Essay --

All songs have different morals and people will have different opinions on what their significance means. One of my favorite songs "Step" by Vampire Weekend has great meaning to it. The song is about moving along in life, stepping forward into it and continuing on because you can't go back. My favorite lyric in the song, "Wisdom's a gift, but you'd trade it for youth, age is an honor - it's still not the truth" significes someone againg; becoming wiser and experienced. But they would instead give up what they've learned in order to be young again. It also mentions no guarentee of becoming wiser just because they're againg. Everytime I listen to it, I feel as if I'm learning something I didn't know before which is why it means so much to me. Don't you ever imagine what songs really mean, and how they trigger people's emotions in either a sad, happy, nostalic, etc. way? After reading The Pearl by John Steinbeck I've gotten a new perspective on how songs contribute to situations. I've thought about how The Song of the Family, The Song of Evil and The Song of The Pearl reflected the novel, and came into thinking that The Song of Evil dominated the book. It had many crucial turning points which made conflict rise in order to keep the story at a smooth pace. "Coyotito might die if enough of the poison had got in" (Steinbeck 6). This quote is stating that Kino's son is in danger, leaving the family at risk. When my cousin was battling her cancer there wasn't any medication to make it leave, so all my family did was hope that she'd get better before the situation got worse. "... "So the doctor knew," he said,... for his mind was hard and suspicious and he was remembering the white powder. Juana rocked from side to side and moaned out t... ...ino because he admires it so much. Same with drugs; people who desire them always get the worse in return. Don't you think some things people are passionate about always get an unpleasant outcome? Overall, The Song of Evil overpowered The Song of the Family and The Song of the Pearl. It provided suspension, detail, and conflict in order to keep the story steady. The Song of Evil prevented Kino's wishings, building great structure into the novel. It also appears as if Steinbeck ended the book with a great moral, just like songs tend to have, right? Steinbeck writes on how posessions can take advantage of people; in this case the pearl and Kino. I enjoyed this book because it shows the dark side of things people admire and how they can easily turn their life down. Wealth is able to make someone happy, but may have downsides which leads into living an unpleasant life.

Impacts of Artificial Climate Modification Essay -- Meteorology Weathe

Impacts of Artificial Climate Modification Controlling the weather. The very idea of it sounds enthralling and, yet, terrifying. Take a moment and think about the endless possibilities. Imagine the scenario: Hurricane Katrina is headed straight for Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The loss of life is unthinkable and the amount of damage is insurmountable. However, scientists have discovered a way to seed the hurricane, not only lessening its power but potentially redirecting its path. Hundreds of lives are saved and billions of dollars in damage are prevented. While extreme storm manipulation is a far reach into the future, the possibility to increase rain and snow fall and to suppress hail storms is a reality. However exciting the possibilities, there are still great concerns on how this awesome power will affect the world. Weather Modification (WM) began in the mid 1940s with three scientists at the General Electric Laboratory. Vincent Schaefer, Bernard Vonnegut, and Irving Langmuir conducted various experiments in precipitation management. Their studies showed that the use of dry ice and silver iodide in supercooled stratus clouds acted as â€Å"seeds† for rain and snow making. Simply put, seeding is the introduction of crystalline particles into a cloud to create ice crystals and water droplets that will become precipitation (Bridget, 51). These first series of experiments encouraged new rain enhancement and hail prevention projects throughout the world (List, 51). With the introduction of any new finding, there is a need for guidelines. In order to create a more universal, uniform, and organized method of researching weather modification, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) establish... ...cy Statement: â€Å"Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification,†. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 73, 337. Bridget, C. (May/Jun 2005). Changing the Weather. Weatherwise, 58(3), 51, 53. Howell, W.E. (1977). Environmental Impacts of Precipitation Management: Results and Inferences from Project Skywater. Bureau of Reclamation Department of the Interior, 58(6), 491-492. Solak, M.E., Yorty, D.P., & Griffith, D.A. (2003). Estimations of Downwind Cloud Seeding Effects in Utah. Report: North American Weather Consultants, Inc., 35(1), 1, 2, 4. Weaver, T. & Collins, D. (Nov 1977). Possible Effects of Weather Modification (Increased Snowpack) on Festuca Idahoensis Meadows. Journal of Range Management, 30(6), 451. List, R. (Jan 2004). Weather Modification- A Scenario for the Future. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 85(1), 52, 56-57.

Electronic Health Records Pros

Abstract This paper will provide the pros and cons of changing to an all-electronic health records structure and the data that is entered into the records. It will also provide an example of an innovative system integrated into the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Electronic health records are an innovative new system that manages patients’ files. It has altered from the old patient info systems into this more arranged and regulated database. It creates a system that connects the data of all patients; from past hospital visits, allergies, treatments and demographics.EHR’s are crucial to the growth of the medical field; it allows a comprehensive visual of the health care field. A patient is able to handle their individual health information with simplicity and identify any erroneous data. One is able to revise their insurance and payment information with just a few clicks. The innovated EHR allows patients to have some kind of reassurance on the accuracy of the data b eing seen by their physicians and staff; that their checkups will be without delay because the need of unnecessary paperwork would be out of place.Medical doctors are capable to enter the system distantly without any slit, which is critical in case of emergencies. The EHR supports evidence-based medicine across the system because it permits clinical census to increase and advance the effectiveness of health methods. EHR systems let patients involve themselves in clinical trials; find doctors that are specified in services that they possibly will necessitate, and let medical students and clinicians situate medical environments that contribute to their trained and educational focuses.The EHR structures may have its rewards but there are limitations to maintain a system, which is roughly a national catalog for patient data and files. One shortcoming to the system is the cost linked to changing and the financial setback that small clinic could sustain. The value of the EHR ranges from t he tools acquirement to make the transition and the cross training necessitated to have doctors and medical staff current with the latest system. A supplementary apprehension for the EHR system is privacy.The patients are vigilant of information systems that contain their medical files, insurance and billing data such as patient location, economical, and insurance are located in the files, the safety and threats of hackers’ amplifies. Sickbays protect their files by providing and having regular inspection at all time because of legal matters. The Department of Veterans Affairs has refurbished his database to fit the veterans increasing population. Its new structure called VistA permits health care practitioners to review, modify and generate a comprehensive patient record.The system by design links over 1000 health care facilities connected to the Veterans Affairs nationwide and it encloses specialists’ info and multimedia data. The system also has put forward a space for physician’s orders and worries to be matched for veteran. The Veterans Affairs went through a massive privacy breach in 2006, when a laptop containing veterans’ information was brought home by an employee. The agency had to issue alerts, send letters out to the affected veterans informing them of the possibly breach of their privacy.The database enclosed the names, social security numbers and dates of birth of as many as 26. 5 million veterans and their families, according to the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The agency realized the infringement of policy after the member of staff's house was broken into. The breach was labeled one of the largest security and privacy breach at the time and veterans had to be vigilant about their finances and credit reports. ? References Veteransaffairs. gov Laura Dunlop (2007). Hoffman S, Podgurski, securityfocus. com/news/11393 Retrieved on January 7, 2012