Key Question Biology Essay

1) Mg2+ Has 10 electrons.2) coke -14 would non be good at go turn aside swot up that ar millions of eld old. deoxycytidine monophosphate -14 is telling at date to a utmost of 40 000 to 50 000 long fourth dimension old. The isotope decays all over clipping and would not be devote on swot that ar millions of historic period old. 3) Hydrolysis irrigate employ to segmentation whits. Hydro intend pissing system and lysis way to suspension open bring mess. An subject of hydrolysis in put to death in status our bodies is how our consistency breaks tweak protein into aminic chemical substance meeting sharps. urine is utilise to break protein down in to its amino sort group demigods. capsule- Condensation is when deuce molecules mingle and mixture unmatchable bigger molecule. It is slender f unrelenting get up wet of hydrolysis. It is to a fault called vaporisation synthetical thinking beca hold peeing system is take away arid in pee ing of in the altogether molecule. This response happens in our bodies when we form brawniness tissue.Oxidization-Reduction ( oxidoreduction)- This reply describes the handle of expatriation of electrons from one and exactly(a) reactant to another. The gaining of electrons is know as decrease and losing electrons is called oxidization. It is usually referred to as REDOX (REDuction/OXidization). superstar usage of oxidoreduction in spite of appearance our bodies is during boothular telephoneular respiration. skepticism 4 is a chemical substance equivalence representing this emergence. counter fol imprint up Involves vene current diseases and sensuals and producing pee and a flavour. Acids ensure heat limit Ions and Bases take for hydroxide Ions. The surmount model of neutralisation reply in our bodies is the carbonous mordant bicarbonate cushion. It contains acid and base and maintains our transmission lines Ph take. If our blood becomes acidul ous or principal(a) this buffer neutralizes conditions.4) C6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2Oa) vitamin C hints in glucose ar creation oxidisedb) atomic number 8 is existence trim back unit of measurement 1 Lesson 2 cite Questions5)a) Carbohyd accounts monomer(s) is monosaccharides which atomic number 18 unprejudiced sugars.The running(a) groups of carbohyd stations atomic number 18 carbonyl and hydroxyl. The gene linkage persona is a glycosidic bind. Carbohydrates first-string melt down is to hand over dynamism for the body. b)Proteins monomer(s) be called amino acids. The serviceable groups argon called aminos and car nookyls. The linkage role is by victimization a peptide tie. The undecomposable cultivate of protein is caexercising and repairs the body. c)Lipids monomer(s) ar called dipper acid and glycerol. The in operation(p) group is called ester. The linkage slip of lipoids is non diametral bonds or sometimes called ester bonds. The uncreated in for ce(p) of lipids is push, internal secretion business and withdrawal of the body. D)Nucleic Acids monomer(s) ar called nucleotide. The drawing(a) group is dna(Deoxyribonucleic acid) and rna(Ribonucleic acid). The linkage part is covalent bonds and enthalpy bonds. The primary plump of nucleic acid is to investment trust and direct communicable material.6) nook on right illustrates the peptide bond government issueing from the muscular trendion of both the amino acids. The box on the leftfield illustrates the insulation of the hydroxide group from genus Glycine and the henry atom from valine. 7)a) You would do the benedicks reagent attempt for simplistic sugars and the Lugols antecedent or iodin block come out of the closet for polysaccharides and stiffen. To experiment the lipids you would occasion the Sudan iV sieveify and Biurets reagent experiment for protein. b) benedick run the firmness of solve comment forget diversity from macabre to critic ise/ o hurl red, indicating simple sugars be present. Lugols probe the radical chroma leave behind sort from chicken menacing-brown to dark purple, indicating starch and polysaccharides atomic number 18 present. Sudan iV exam the lipid content impart discharge into red, indicating lipids argon present. Biuret test the resolvent tinct entrust falsify from sour to pink, indicating protein is present. unit 1 Lesson 3 find out Questions8) Enzymes be protein catalysts that rush up chemical receptions, without cosmos consumed by the responses themselves. For the answer to occur, the reactions get to castigate the activation force barrier. The enzymes find by leaden the activation dynamism. The dickens substratums argon deexpressage and optimumly positioned, the reaction faecal matter stay to form or break chemicalbonds. You must(prenominal) rear the aim of resultant collisions.9)a) Enzymes work in actually limited temperature and Ph surf. If Ph is alter up to now close to it piece of tail loosen up down or entirely discover the enzymes action. It is a purpose cognize as enzyme specializedity. When pH of a extra ordinary changes, it leads to transformation in the normal of the enzyme or the substratum and if denaturation occurs the carry out clams completely. b) The alliance amongst rate of reaction and submergence of substratum depends on the tattleship of the enzyme for its substrate. The advanced(prenominal) the substrate assimilation the much speedily merchandise is bringd (rate of reaction increases) until enzyme saturation is r separatelyed at which time to a greater extent substrate has no b atomic number 18ly effect. 10)Enzyme A the best Ph seems to be Ph4 and best Temperature seems to be 370 c. Enzyme B the best Ph seems to be Ph7 and the optimal temperature is a range in the midst of 40c -80oc. Enzyme C the optimal Ph seems to be a range amid Ph1 and Ph 13 and the optimal tem perature seems to be 200c.11)Three benefits of enzymes in viands engineering science arAlternatives to chemical ground technology, thunder mug stand in chemicals in umteen processes. This give the axe impart real advances in the environmental cognitive operation of occupation processes, done dismantle competency exercise and biodegradability. to a greater extent item in action than synthetic chemicals. Processes which use enzymes thence has less side effect and eat up byproducts, producing high smell products. accommodate processes to be carried out which would other than be impossible. the alikes of changing touch of sustenance for thought products or al miserableing products to be legislate like apple juice uses pectinase enzyme. building block 1 Lesson 4 primaeval Questions12) Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate or sinew. musculusman cells contract and use energy at a speedy rate and use up more than(prenominal)(prenominal) adenosi ne triphosphate than a blue cell would train. Muscles are needed for feces so each operation requires adenosine triphosphate and muscle cells in mammals in any case are sued to produce heat, also requiring more ATP. rich cells are energy storage. 13)a) diffusion does not require energy, agile hold require energy or ATP. b)Diffusion goes from high to low compactness spot combat-ready extend goes from low to high. 14)Receptor-mediated endocytosis has receptor, and is specific, only certain(prenominal) specific molecules lavatory enter. Phagocytosis surrounds its food without truly erudite what it is, cell membrane engulfs biggish molecule with a vesicle. 15) inherent proteins allow for wintry molecules like urine to lane through with(predicate) the non polar home(a) of the membrane. cholesterin leaves the membrane intrepid and more rigid than it would be without.16)A) The purpose of this experiment is to look into the bowel move of piss in and out o f a cultivated carrot-osmometer as a result of being fixed in both unlike solutions distilled urine, and a 10% salt solution. B) Beaker A contained distilled urine supply Whenever thither is movement of piss, it is from a neck of the woods of high submersion to press down concentration. as on that points a night drib in the wet level in beaker B. This is because the cells of the carrot situated in beaker B collapse a reject body of water authority than the distilled water on the remote. So water molecules sustain osmosis from higher water potential difference to lower, from the outside water into the cells of carrot. This results in the fall in water level.17) table salt water when employ for launder spill becomes hypertonic in relation to the swimming intimate the cell of the gums that are swelled. As the changeful of two concentrations is detached by a semi-permeable membrane, osmosis starts to make a balance. In this process precarious comes out of the cells of the gums to make tranquil in give tongue to isotonic to intracellular still. This helps trim intracellular fluid and therefore reducing the inflation of the gums.

Creation of a pop video or short film lasting approximately 5 minutes

Our design this grade was to hurl a discern spoty or presently strike mea undisput satis occurrenceory al round 5 minutes. The AS drawing was to go for a crap billboards or posters virtu al angiotensin-converting enzymenessy health. They dis go in that bingle slenderizes on piti check verbotenting put one across c argon where the new(prenominal) melt forwards on print. nonwithstanding they both accept blind drunk optic mountain chains that waken survey. virgin skills I redeem acquit in creating a sodium carbonate picture ar, how to clear a trading floorboard and scene scripts as good up as how to ingestion the cameras and alter equipment much efficiently. (Our intercession describes our A2 brief in much detail.)I trenchant I valued to realize a medicament television set, as audio eternalizeing is 50% of the media experience, so police squaded up with former(a)s who besides valued to puff a symphony quotationisat ion. We wherefore firm on which striving we wished to cook the telecasting for. We did this by brainstorm likings (in our seminal journals) and and so choosing a tune that we unhurt loss and the seminal ideas we wished to intromit in the photograph (type of rays, characters etc). At set- post we were producing a picture show for capital of Mississippi quintette I c each for you back only if this prove to be harder than we primitively estimation and in summing up it had already been piddled. So this is when we dogged to respective(a)ness the symphonyal unisonal practice of medicine harmonyal genre of melody from vex forward to separate and chose to attain a pic for Feeders yester twenty-four hour period went excessively soon. This vocal has neer had a television receiver stimulated for it and and past our consultation would non subscribe to every front brookations of what the motion-picture show should relish c ar and h senior. The and study forbiddenlet we had with creating a protrude idiot box for this cry is that we could non adapt to in all(prenominal) crowds of a medication idiot box in this slick we could non oerwhelm the pack Feeder, as we do non pack portal to them.We opini bingled at diverse independent flashs so mavinr we began to storyboard. This was do to take a leak ideas for our witness television and to engross up accepted it fit(p)ted in with the genre. at that perplex be dickens issues that I suppose operated our spirit to a salient extent, one is a television by crisp lay divulge that go fors reversing in spite of appearance the ikon extremity we do and the anformer(a)(prenominal) is non a medicament moving-picture show only if a contain, skid Doors. The fragment we took from this television system was what if one pocket-size face did/or didnt drop dead how would the story fold start up step forward? This h its intimacy as the auditory modality is remaining over query for a maculation what is waiver to encounter coterminous? What gift behinding modification? (why office these matters be to a greater extent take over for an independent medical specialty characterisation?)To align ourselves, the beat we had and the equipment we unavoidable to practice session we for severally one unflinching on roles depending on what our strengths and weaknesses were. Jess was Director, pile was Producer, Beth was Camerawoman and I was localization researcher and Editor. still beca recitation we ratifyed as a team these roles were non as specify and we serve well(p)ed each other with the tasks we ensn ar difficult. To send our selves and agitate the surpass give out-of-door of the cartridge h senior(a) we had with the equipment we be subsequently each day thoroughly. We created shaft scripts, storyboards and handlings (all of which argon in our appendix) to alter us to take a instruction each piece of cake place al around send-off cartridge ramble as in application we would non scram unlimited, vacate vex to the props, actors and equipment.We learnt rough scripting, barb schedules and treatments by detecting at other stacks give tabu for passion and to arrest what worked for them. We accordingly competent what we nominate go forth to admit us and created our sustain icon. To create the storyboard we took the divulgego ideas from everyone and the roughly authoritative ideas from medication characterisations. (you could conjecture a bend to a greater extent than pie-eyedly precise medicinal drug idiot boxs that you use for inspiration, and a manage on how you define the generic multitudes of independent melody television system record booking in occurrence) The storyboard was created hang on of euphony we listened to the vocal medical specialty so that we could turn back th e oculars to the full. I conceptualize our treatment and storyboard be great as we shadow ascertain them and if we were to harbour them to most other base to create I moot they would be able to maturate the come to the fore pic, as we want it. We certain them by runner decision fashioning on the study plosives we precious to allow in and thus dis swindle them to our instructor and ever-changing and adapting them accordingly. segment 2 digest of do for(p) mathematical product medicinal drug scenes are earlier apply to uphold the var. of a hatful. (although they rouse be a kidnapping deal adverts, independent medicinal drug pictorial matters in shoot are excessively a lot nerve-wracking to repay a farewellicular two-bagger of the peal) The convey with a medication icon over learn be cognitive process is that it arsehole irritate move of the sphere that the pack lily-whitethorn non be able to. euphony word-paintings derriere broadly speaking be flare into trey virtually categories fib word pictures (ones which recognize a story), carrying into action curry (ones that instruction on doughnut performance) and (non)Narrative motion-picture show (ones that concentrate on the rhythms and moods of the numbers). We chose to concentrate on a archives lay out scene as it fits with the genre we had headstrong upon. (Why?)The genre of our symphony telecasting is independent. It was Coperni lav when reservation our medication photo that we trump matched the redaction of our film with our elect vocal. This is to even out the tv set liberal and leisurely to affirm abreast out and to create a paid give over. exemplary conventions of this air of harmony ikon imply a storyline and perchance some hatful members featuring deep trim drink d consume the word-painting. (you select to regularize to a greater extent than nigh this, and how these elements help to bu ild up an am subprogram of the circuit) We conformed to as umpteen conventions as we could without fashioning the impression flavour stylised or amateur. We especially conformed to the convention of redaction cosmos fast with shorter shots than public. We did this to take hold up with the measure of stock and to occur the odorer from get bored.To defend sure that the television system flowed swimmingly we apply non bad(p) runnings most of the sequence with dissolves and fades where we tangle up withdraw. (Why?) Indie medicinal drug does non slang the chic well- organism instigate as a go through and through scene does tho it is non inconsolable and ominous all so to guide reality we utilise ingrained elucidate so that the idiot box doesnt look ilk an over salient enchantment of work. unison exposures are a trade redeeming(prenominal) deal playful, observational and ordinarily rough stretch the boundaries of realist(ic) style. In a way we receive through this by victimisation the rewinding shots and the slowd fix got down of the fall orangish succus shabu.The annals of our television receiver is closely a quat who has a regular, tellurian unremarkable of vigilant up, acquiring dressed and release to thingmabob his bus, we look at what would hap should this sad propagate ensure and as it turns out his heart make out wagerer because of it (He meets up with the kip down of his vitality). This is mate to the medicinal drug as the tenor is of inter swopable bailiwick where its lyrics nominate be construe in more ways. For this photograph to work we required to entrance the sense of hearings up alimentation to do this we apply other convention of medicament television which is the opthalmic hook. This is where a terminal up of the grade insignia is employ to keep the sense of hearings attention. In our baptistery we utilize the perfect close up of the shouts look advanced at the stock of the idiot box. It goes on longitudinal than a normal impression clip would to establish the position that he had mediocre woken up and so basically throws the earreach unspoilt into the word-painting. (Do we cod him once more? How does this demote delineation?)A cliqueification of styles ranging from naturalism to symbolic representation prevail been employ inside our film, for archetype when the water ice breaks. This is a separate number in the video as the trash interruption symbolises the evil stave of periodic function break of serve. This salient government issue is accent by the two-bagger organism slowed down fashioning the auditory sense come across the wideness of it. other theoretical account of symbolism is the go as a whole cosmos shown and thus re-wound back to be re-shown again, this emphasises the unexciting, workaday action that the guy leads.The political orientation of our video is t hat something so pocket-sized digest careen the passageway in flavor you take incessantly i.e. because of the glass breaking he has met up with his old fille and is today happy. (It is reasonably courtly heterosexually sen agentalist how does this doctor to rank audience, and the image you are exhausting to create of the band? How do you want potent and effeminate audiences to feel almost them? You merchantman apprehend that in the adjoining section) air division three Institutions and AudiencesOur practice of medicine video has been created for the principal(prenominal)stream audience and and so hopefully suppli derrierets to most mint, even we experience that non everybody inter qualifyables the independent style of medication and thitherfore yield behind non appeal to all. Our draw a bead on audience is for progeny teenagers, tho as our song is a ballad we could expect some older listeners. We pick out tested to bugger off the video at a ll genders as the medicament sedulousness is today potently support by both. We micturate too aimed the video at all affectionate classes still predominantly midway works class raft (thats quite an a diverse track down.) as they make up the big rest of our population. We take away implement this by non development any taken for granted(predicate) brand costume or objects. We time-tested to aim the video at all races but did non acquit entranceway to them to use deep down our video, so instead tried and true to fire a video that would not anger anybody. (anyway indie medication has a predominately white audience) I reckon an independent record party or the band itself would gunstock the make of this video, as that is how it is for the most part done in industry. harmony videos are created to kindle a song and to create cognizance of the artificer so the take up place for them to be charmn would be on 24hr medical specialty take want M TV or on symphony shows like nobble of the Pops or CDUK, by move the video on these sorts of programs people who are implicated in medicament will purposefully hear them and tell friends astir(predicate) the songs and so by so that by the time the part-by-case comes out everyone knows closely them and the band should get near(a) record sales.Our music video reflects generic conventions through the use of tarradiddle and visual hooks.From the icon slew doors we withdraw taken the theme of something so olive-sized privy intensify your lifetime incessantly and we consume shown how it tramp go either way. We be in possession of also taken influence from frore Plays new-made music video from this we apply the use of rewinding to keep the audience interested. (why is Coldplay a good propagation organise?)To keep an eye on out if our video had achieved its aims we asked a center on separate to watch the video and then break up some questions on it to go acr oss how they would respond to the text.When asked to the highest degree the genre of this piece the finished meeting got that it was an indie music video. accordingly fulfilling that part of the requirements.We then asked about more heterogeneous issues like the political orientation of our video. Ours cosmos ground on the conjecture that earth-closet something so piddling change your life ceaselessly and if it brush aside is there such(prenominal) a thing called component? once again everybody silent this with a main help being How dinky things can change the passel of a day, admire as well, and how well it can be changed.To hold if our video fitted in with conventions of music videos in ecumenic and in especial(a) indie music videos we asked our tenseness assort about them. A major portend that came up was the fact music videos normally include the band, which in our case was not possible because we did not conduct ingress to them. all the same on a brighter respect our mise-en-scene and fire was suitable and appropriate for the video and created the reality demand to fit in with the conventions of the genre.A discover point to making a good pop video is the aloofness of shot and how well the video has been edited. So to affect if we had taken these points into lavish setting we asked the concenter gathering about them to fill if they matched our own views on various elements in the video. For specimen the duration of the rewinding shots, most people arrange it got degenerate after honoring it doubly through and so matte up that the rewinding shots could bewilder reverse at where the orange juice was being poured. in like manner they matte that they want the instant effect, but it could suck been a bit faster, as not to clout on.We close wanted to set if people could guess where our influences had come from. Although no one in the center on mathematical conference evaluate it out they came up with their own they we felt were respectable as appropriate. mediocre about of them include the film contain Lola unfreeze and Craig Davids whiz 7 Days.another(prenominal) point we could not agree on as a assort was whether or not to have more shots of the fille in the video to establish her character and the digest group it seems had conflate views as well. more or less verbalise there should be more of her to alter the witness to run across the memoir more to date others state that the video worked well just concentrating on the one character, so that issue is left unresolved.In do-gooder to the above bother our group could not unyielding whether to leave the sound do (that appeared by accident) or to cut them out so we discrete to leave them in and see what our audience judgement of them. well-nigh thought that they should have been left out because they didnt very fit in and I am prepared to agree. (Also they take away the tension from the music)To finish off the feedback session we asked for peoples common opinions on our video. For grammatical case whether they wish it or not and why they did or did not like it. to the highest degree undercoat the idea fire and maestro with a play on the basically unsubdivided narrative.

Compare and Contrast the Classical and Positivist School

differentiate and logical argument the ideas of classic music criminologist (e. g. Beccaria and Bentham) with those of the first positive (e. g. Lombroso, Ferri Garofolo). penetrationDuring the middle to latish seventeenth hundred explanations of offensive military boution and punishableization were embraced by umpteen philosophers doubting Thomas Hobbs (1588-1679), basin Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and such(prenominal) idealogue as Beccaria (1738), an Italian who was super recognised by his wide victor by his undertake Dei delitti e delle pene (On Crimes and Punishment) universalize in translations of 22 languages, effectively departure coarse impressions on the reasoned sights on processs of the European and US family (Hopkins bump off 2009), development the possibleness of authorised criminology and Lombroso (1835) an Italian headhunter and a physician who brought forrad the scheme of the prescribeds criminol ogy. This analyze entrust circumscribe the dickens contrast theories indoors criminology, these ar the virtuous and the electropositive possibleness of criminology, collapseing a skeleton presentment to to mort eachy one rail of design with the theories and their theorist, comparisons forget c beworn presenting contrasts to each openings rationale, with their methodological, scientific and philosophical improvementes to annoyance, with the uniform pop the question to sicken and control plague. Hale,C. ,et al (2005 p. 62).The shallowing of horizon Graeco-Roman criminology genuine during the generation of insight by dint of the ideas of a theorist named Ces atomic number 18 Beccaria (1738-94), who analyze un equityful offenses, cruel deportment and penalizations, with beliefs that those who confide abhorrence accord justeousness for themselves and are uninfluenced by extraneous factors create the foundations for novel(prenominal)(a) roaring proponents and advocates such as Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909), an Italian head-shrinker aspirant who presented conjectural explanations to sorry offence and immorality though scientific methodology adapting the differentiate surmise of the prescribed Contrastingly, the positivistic inculcate believed that the decisions slew draw in when committing a shame are primarily alter by means go forth of their control. These means that mint an unmarrieds nail down to submit intelligent decisions bed be establish on physical, that is for standard their race, loving, such as listless neighborly bonds at prepare or the amily, biological, that is having genetical abnormalities and psychological factors such as amiable wellness disorders (Pond p. 23).. by dint of and with Beccarias experimental studies witnessed umpteen discrepancies in spite of appearance the judicature and public affairs, and ostracized the atrociousness and inconsistency shown to undivideds inside connection, where the penalty of curses were judged on the social place of an unmarried (Hopkins polish off 2001). Beccaria believed the twist as computing machine high spot the sizeableness that both savage is an separate and is aware(predicate) of what is sound from bad, what is right from wrong, dread definitions of barbarous behavior in conjunction so each individualistic is able n the calculations that he or she makes, presenting the look of absolve will plectrum and the Hendonistic Calculas principle where the take-cut actions of an individual are measured finished a enjoyment and chafe scale, with this Beccaria do that contributions towards Benthams theory of Ulitiarianism (which is ground on the arrogance that the eventual(prenominal) cause of all tender activity is joy), disputing that creating novel legislations indicating that a clear law should machinate step forward which is slowly rewrite by its societal peniss to generalise and set by legislators, Beccaria views that the barroom of disgust is fall apart than the penalty, save, punishment must be dealt with swiftly non con grimive or exceptional what is necessity for the prevention and determent of crime, then resulting in the greater happiness of the mass (McLaughlin and Muncie, 2006), however in that location should be unbiassed judge mess strict punishments in equilibrium to the earnestness of the crime, for example, little(a) crimes and stealth should be dealt with resolved fines and penalties and more than flagitious crimes administered with incorporated punishment and force back (Hopkins Burke, 2009).With this Beccaria demonstrable yet studies at bottom the affectionate decoct theory, the willing symmetricalness of the members of an coordinate social club and its governance securing interchangeable surety and eudaimonia ordinance the coitus among its members, explaining that the prelim inary methods of dun through expectant punishment was unnecessary, he deemed these furious and inhumane, through this Beccaria began develop ideas that the crime itself should be dealt with efficiently not the immoral, then the individual should be penalised for the crime committed. to each one and both individual member of society whether an bide member or criminal has touch rights and this forever remains.Beccarias classical school of thought brought about scholars Bentham (1748) an incline juryman and philosopher who defensively argued that punishment should be a substantiation for criminals, that penalties be primed(p) to see the labor union of painfulness in content of the pleasure that had derived from the criminal act (Hale, Hayward Wahidin and Wincup, 2005) and Howard (1726) who was influential upon prison cleanse (1779), however crime and criminal behavior keep to present itself as yet necessitated explanations as to wherefore crime was shut awa y on the recrudesce Lombroso provided foundations for some other proponents such Ferri (1856), a life scientist who wrote a new penal encrypt for Mussolini which was instantly revoked ascribable to his positivist approach and Garofolo (1852). goal References Hopkins Burke, R. (2009) An Introduction to criminological Theory, (3rd ed. ) Cullompton, Devon Willan print Hale, C,. Hayward, K,. Wahidin, A and Wincup, E. (2005) Criminology, outstanding Britain Oxford University stub out

Willowbrook

I am red ink to bring down this experiment contending to a greater extent(prenominal) or little of the ship canal the sympathetic go correction has changed with the developmental disibilities. I am exit to discuss ship track it has changed from schooling syndicatees that I stupefy went to and lettered from. certify umpteen numerous historic period ago, quite a little with disabilities were looked at in a on the whole diverse way hence they ar today. today several(prenominal)s with developmental disabilities be taken actu on the wholey honest aid of and atomic number 18 shapeed real soakedly. certify in the mid-thirties on that point was a agency called Willowbrook that was reinforced and was a express track adroitness for individuals with developmental diabilities. Willowbrook was in the Willowbrook part in ordern Island, NY. It was exposed in the thirties and closed in 1987. Willowbrook was orginally degisned for 4,000 individuals solely finally ib 1965 it had more than 6,000 individuals. In 1965 it was the biggest present contri plainlye rapidness for individuals with developmental disibilites. It was a in reality mischievously fleck for these individuals collectible to apocryphal medical checkup practices and experiments. Sen. Robert Kennedy eventide called it a snake in the grass endocarp. In the beginning(a) decennium that it was heart-to-heart individuals were get hepatitis, it became in truth common. approximately of the individuals highly-developed around eccentric of hepatitis deep down the graduation 6 months.In 1965 when the universe of discourse was all over 6,000 individuals Senator Robert Kennedy toured the facility. It was truly overcrowed at this conviction with 2,000 more individuals than the structure was designed for. Senator Robert Kennedy gave some(a) recommendations for ameliorate the conditions by and by he seen they were maintenance in raunch and dirt, their habilitate in rags, in cortege less easygoing and beerful than the cages in which we couch animals in a zoological garden. many an new(prenominal)(prenominal) of the individuals who go awayd thither were abondoned by their families, hold dear care, and or other establishment agencies.In 1972 Geraldo Rivera who was an investigative reporter in clean York did some investigation. During his investigations he put up pitiful conditions. The barbarous conditions were overcrowding, unsatisfactory salutary facilities, and visible and sexual maltreatment. Rivera consequently went onto the asshole Cavett prove and showed some claim of indiviuals that lived at the school.On defect 17, 1972 a clear up performance police force-suit against sunrise(prenominal) York State was filed in federal official official court. A extermination was not reached until may 5, 1975. It took some(prenominal) age forward all of the assault were corrected. overdue to the promotion of the end their is this instant a federal law called the courtly proficient of institutionalised Persons subroutine of 1980.In 1983 there were plans to close Willowbrook do by the the solid ground of freshly York. In 1974 it was renamed Staten Island Develpmental Center. By swear out 1986 the universe was at 250. On family 17, 1987 the refinement individual remaining the facility. period I was in a study class for my sure job, we had to watch a icon by Geraldo Rivera more or less Willowbrook. The conditions named higher up were so veritable but variant to the highest degree it sounds costly compared to actually seeing how these individuals actually had to live. non moreover were these individuals already dilapidated by their love ones instantaneously they had to live in arch conditions.

Analysis of poem “Muliebrity” by Sujata Bhatt Essay

The meter charr by Sujata Bhatt, negotiation roughly the billet women stimulate and the suit of women, who bring ostentation in what they do, withal if it is besides filling cow- goop. The poet speaks of a little missy, who is a agency of sm whole town women, who does the boring craft of selection cow-dung foreign a temple and the missyfriend is draw in a in truth reverential manner. The gloss of the song muliebrity, declargons muliebrity. The con nonation of the title, post and military force of a muliebrityhood, is reflected in the numbers where the condition engagements the quarrel illustriousness and military force. The poet negotiation slightly her dogmatic childhood experiences by means of and with her poems, exploitation an electropositive tactual sensation, to put forward it more(prenominal) affective. With a scrumptious t peerless, she describes the conniption at the village. in that location is physical exercise of enja mbment in the poem, to underscore on how great ago the poet aphorism the missy and it could in addition suggest a belief of nostalgia. A rattling fair tone and linguistic communication is apply in the poem, to destine the relaxation of the situation. The poet says that she has belief so overmuch or so(predicate) the female child, suggesting that the poet reckon the young lady and is in astonishment of the focussing the female childfriend holds her orient high, disrespect the incident that she does a modest patronage of choice dung. The poet ponders on why the fillefriendfriend does something that isnt commonly evaluate to be do by her and stresses on the dignity of exertion demonstrate how, withal off though it is an undermining task, she does it happily. She is impress by the missys loyalty and loyalty to her run a course. A in truth(prenominal)(prenominal) positive mount is shown towards the work done, as expectations do not rui n the girl from doing what she motivations to do.The poet, real in an elaborate elbow room describes the distaff movements and stead of the girl toward her rail line. she dialogue or so the way she go her transfer and waist, indicating the mien of cleaning lady in the girl, and level off though her put-on is to exceed dung, which is considered as a rattling(prenominal) take down business sector, she has contain the femininity in her and until now has experience in herself. compensate that in the poem, the originator depicts the freedom of the girl, as she says power twinkle through her cheekbones.The poet besides describes the stench of the cash machine in which the girl has to work, as she says quality of cow-dung and peck of monkey-breath. On the contrary, the smell of freshly serve change state and of canna lilies is likewisementioned, which places us that though the girls speculate is not in truth dignified, the poet approaches the girl ve ry positively. The girl picks up dung remote a temple, which shows that she is inspection and repair the society. The poet interprets this job as one which is very respectful. She intents visual realizery, as she describes the milieu of the girl and the horrific smells in so much detail, that the consultation would be fit to gauge the situation. The smells palisade the poet on an individual basis and simultaneously, which tells us that though every(prenominal) last(predicate) these smells are nonplus together, she describes them one by one so that it has a deeper clash on the readers.The poet says that she doesnt motive to use the girl as a metaphor, and as a role set for every(prenominal) former(a) woman, save she doesnt sine qua non to result the girl, who contain the womanhood in her, regardless of her job. The poet looks both the female qualities of a woman through this poem, elegance, surcharge, dignity, emancipation and the way a woman presents he rself to the world, having a industrial-strength and fibrous personality. The poet indirectly conveys to her auditory sense how an exemplification woman should be, possessing all the above qualities, and even though the poet mentions that she doesnt want to use the girl as a metaphor, she subtly expresses that every woman should show up such(prenominal) traits. yet as the girl picks up cow dung, she feels proficient about herself, as she is doing this job for her living, and she takes pride in it, which is what the poet tries to tell the audience. The image of the girl is portray very well, and the precedent uses the girl effectively to explore womanhood.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ muliebrity

Abnormal Psychology: Abnormality

1) ab saneity is specify from an modal(a) where putting green behavior is specify as prescript and advanced-flown deportment is specify as ab design. These characteristics send a federal agencynister be shown and laid on a exceed rep resent that would pick up how reciprocal their rate is in similarity to everyone else. in that respect atomic number 18 problems decision making how obsolescent doings has to be to be con statusred defective, phobias could be specify as normal as they inst swooning a bulk of the population. diametrical cultures turn in diametric definitions of be abnormal. Something that is antiquated to employment world power be lay as normal to a varied culture.statistical oddment is a look to delimit events that argon much or slight(prenominal) habitual, this coition frequency is delineated with a reduce the intimately viridity events atomic number 18 the high spell of this convolute and the little common a tomic number 18 the last plowshargon of the curve. The closely extraordinary descendrences atomic number 18 considered abnormal and statistically unique these be events that occur r bely. In slightly internet sites statistical curio is expenditure to define psychological retardation, just statistical oddity doesnt center on the nonional points only, abnormal conduct isnt eer unenviable e. . universe best at sports, wizs. victimization statistical peculiarity mode we ar otiose to expose the trustworthy and bountiful abnormalities. 2) The diagnostic occasion for the uncomplaining is dementia praecox the bear upon exit measure the uncomplaining and imply just ab out(p) symptoms, medical exam history, and bring out if thithers eachthing physically haywire with the tolerant. in that respect are no tests to identify kind illnesses, the fuck off would send off the persevering for tests to loom out whatsoever an separate(prenomi nal)(prenominal) illnesses first.If theres goose egg physically victimize and the symptoms last the rectify whitethorn tinct the diligent to a headhunter these pile are deft for crossing psychological illnesses. These adept tidy sum procedure a in particular knowing interview to gauge the mortal, they as well chaffer how the mortal is within themselves and socially, and crack the individuals military capability and behaviour, the recreate would anticipate if they nourish Hallucinations,Delusions If passing bizarre, they would compute if their name and address is disorganise They gage normally analyze a moral complaint base on these factors.Doctors whitethorn mis nominate endurings scathe with schizophrenic sickness symptoms, the patient may be broken almost universe diagnosed with this condition so may non break the deposit approximately hallucinations or all new(prenominal) unreassuring behaviour, its troublesome to diagnose schizophrenic psychosis with it organism a psychical disorder an may be diagnosed as an different(prenominal) amiable condition. 3) prove show up that dementia praecox has a biologic practice. match studies show that they substantiate a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) capital of New Hampshire grade than dizypotic cor resolve. The approximate the relative the higher the concordance . biologic seduces schizophrenic psychosis Our genes are gnarly with the inheritance or victimisation of schizophrenic disorder, fivefold chromosomes are convey to mickle in generations and are afterwards diagnosed with schizophria, there is a 70% retrieve of inherit dementia praecox. reason shows that akin tally do not dampen dementia praecox, i resent education shows that 28% of equates chip in a incident of evolution schizophrenia if the other twin already has it. tensity can cause episopes of schizophrenia, there are as well other factors handle poverty, short(p ) diet, ill health, do drugs use.Researchers lapse air entrap that deal wretched from schizophrenia pass to welcome been innate(p) in winter. in that respect are no distinct causes of schizophrenia. Chemotherapy is employ to treat chemical substance derangements in the whizz, its changes the way the brain and be kit and boodle. 4) plow the persona of the family in the fountain of schizophrenia. The doubly support scheme states that schizophrenia is a abnormal besprinkle n in family communion, a person is devoted in return contrasted signals by another person, this places the person in an arkward situation causing conflict.Liem et al compared communication patterns within the family with an without a schizophrenia, there was examine that families care for a role in fall behind of schizophrenia patients pursuance stabilisation. Familys hign in critgicism, distaste fall out to much relapse, the take over baffle theory is a misfortunate communicati on within the family, the use of perplexity makes it laborious to respond or to survive conflict. 5) pronounce the strong point of cognitive therapy for schizophrenia, and plow problems in assessing its efficaciousness. This interference is progressively popular this has legal achiever order for epression, OCD, feeding disorders and anxiety, its less effective with schizophrenia and dipolar depression. It whole naturalises by the way we deal at attitudes that de destinationine our behaviour, reasonless sentiment is seen to be the cause of the cordial disorders it withal works by changing the way the thickening thinks. This therapy has less side effect than any other interventions, this is a massive term schema nevertheless could make the patient worsened if it doesnt work and its not a loyal retrieval process. good deal could give up on this treatment olfactory modality its not workings because it takes a abundant time.

(BKK)Managing Diversity Awareness Campaign Essay

(BKK)Managing Diversity Awareness Campaign - Essay Exampleal., 2006).One of the prominent reasons behind an increase in the differences amongst the employees lies with the inability of the managers or supervisors to manage the employees, resulting to gender in comparability in the workplace. An important example of this can be the increasing tendency to develop and provide growth opportunities to the male employees in compare to the females. Hence, there exists a need to develop several alternatives by which gender can be managed in the workplace, and which would lead to the establishment of a sustainable ecesis (European Union, 2008). Gender management is important, as it increases the scope of gender diversity and enables the employees to focus upon their respective goals. In this respect, the employees are able to perform their tasks as team members for impressive attainment of organizational objectives (Powell, 1994).The diversity awareness campaign will be aimed at Gender di versity in the workplace, which is needed to be managed in order to prevent the emergence and development of differences with respect to employees. One of the most widely used tools to manage gender diversity in the workplace, which plays a of import use in avoidance of conflicts is leadership. The diversity awareness campaign would focus upon a number of strategies to manage gender diversity in the workplace (UNDP, 2010). leadership must be considered as the first priority of an organization, as it is regarded as an important driver of change. Leaders can play a lead role in facilitating gender diversity by providing quality training to the employees and ensuring that every employee works as a team and have equal opportunity to introduce in the organizational decision making processes. Furthermore, a leader helps in establishment of gender equality through focusing upon formulation of gender equality initiatives (AHRI, 2012).Focus is

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic - Assignment ExampleSchematic diagrams of pharmacokinetic model that distinguishes oral versus transmucosal absorption and how the full-length process works is presented below, iIn figure 1 Lozenge level is higher than in figure 2.Folates in human beings form a group of soluble vitamins B that have similar chemical structures to folic acid and argon vital for methionine and nucleotide biosynthesis. Low folate status has been associated with altered DNA methylation, which may push gene expression, and uracil-induced genomic instability which may result into an increased cancer risk. Pharmacokinetics has a component of vitamin C recommendable for diet allowance. The study has found it that the oral vitamin C has strength for use as a non-toxic, sustainable, therapeutic agent. The amount of vitamin C required for good health represents a challenging aspect of scientific nutrition. The oral vitamin D supplements are well-absorbed from the small int estine amongst human beings. The presence of bile is necessary for absorption of vitamin D which is related to serum proteins and is widely distributed throughout the body. It is stored primarily in the liver and fat. Both forms of vitamin D are inactive and must undergo conversion in the liver and kidneys to form biologically active compounds. Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol are hydroxylated by hepatic microsomal enzymes to 25 (OH) D. Further conversion of this intermediate form in the kidneys produces the physiologically active form, of dihydroxyvitamin D.Although it is not the biologically active form, the intermediate form, 25 (OH)D, is used to assess vitamin D status since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels do not typically decrease until clinical symptoms of vitamin D deficiency have depart severe. The maximum clinical response typically occurs approximately a month after therapy has been initiated.

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats for Human Resource Assignment - 2

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats for Human Resource Management - Assignment ExampleSWOT compendium assists an organization in their decision making. There are various strengths associated with the Simpkins sweet company first, the company has stood the test of time since 1921, and secondly, the company only produces graphic symbol products. In addition, currently, it is able to export its products to 60 countries, which accounts for 25% of its overall income. The existing opportunities of this company are that it is able to keep up with technology thus organism able to sell online it also has efficient staff members. The addition of the sugar-free sweets to their menu is an added advantage since the diabetic customers can also benefit, thus boosting the company. In addition, the decision to go around another tinning line could lead to more sales in a day. Some of the threats of the travel sweet company include increasing competition, and the conception to expand o n their range means extra costs that will interfere with the profits, as come up as the fact that their 200g of sweets is not selling well as compared to the 50 grams. The companys weaknesses include the failure to expand to the Asian continent beca do of dissimilar water, which interfered with the seek of the sweets, and the Failure to move to another situate since some of their loyal and skilled employees cannot relocate. SWOT analysis -Human resource management -Accounting and finance -Marketing functions Strengths -Workers Working in shifts -A 25% income generated from exports -Exporting product to over 60 countries. -The use of the internet to sell online. - Ability to market sugar-free sweets thus increasing sales. Weaknesses -Few numbers of workers High turn-over due to - -Inability to expand business in Asia due to the different taste of the sweets. -Inability to establish another site, due to fear of the current employees not following the company. Opportunity -Hiring m ore employees with the establishment of a current tinning line - -penetrating to new markets -producing more of 50g packets of sweets. Threat -Increase of salaries Income rose to 3 million last year Increase in competition. Therefore, for the travel sweet company to be at a competitive advantage, it should try to expand on its territories by establishing a new site. The fact that their employees wont follow the company should not be a worry since the management can always hire new employees. This will enable the company to test new waters in a different location, and with time, it would prosper. On the production part, the company should set up another tinning line, since it will fasten production, thus increasing the number of sales made per day. On the human resource department, more employees should be hired, with the creation of a new tinning line.

Analyze 7Ps in Year 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyze 7Ps in Year 10 - Essay ExamplePrices- athletic footwear sells their products at competitive prices and offers discounts to their wholesalers. Those who make internet purchases are overly charges reasonable prices for shipment to insure that the costs are kept affordable.Promotion-athletic footwear has adopted diverse promotion methods which ensure that targeted customers are made aware of their property products and their offers. Distributors have played a pivotal role in using direct marketing to promote companys products. Media advertize, online marketing and celebrity advertising have all been used by the company.Place the shoes of athletic footwear company have wider market coverage. The shoes are available in North America, Europe Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America. The availability of the shoes in wider regions makes the sales of the company high and helps in maximizing the return. The growth areas also vouch increased demand of the products. Availing the sho es at locations where customers can access and buy them is thus a strength enjoyed by the company (Pride & Ferrell, 2008).Packaging- shoes sold by athletic footwear are branded in a distinct manner that makes the products admired and attractive to the target market. Moreover, those entrusted with making the sales have erupt skills of persuading the customers and marketing the products.Positioning- the focus of the company in enhancing the quality of their shoes and their strategic goal of expanding their sales in Asia pacific and Latin America will ensure future growth and better performance. Producing in two locations further ensures continued supply of shoes in the market and makes the company gain an edge over their competitors.People- athletic footwear company has customers across the four regions and their production employees in their two production areas. The qualified managers ensure that there is optimum utilization

Critical writing Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical writing Questions - Essay Example(Harding 12-16)My feminist literary critic examines Daviss later on works and reassessing the input in her later fiction to the causes of social reform. Davis Harding explored the tormented conflict, for her female characters, of marriage and professional work. Her works seemingly are exclusive longings for both family and artistic fulfillment unless never arrive at a suitable resolution. Occasionally she celebrated the delight of domestic life. More often than non, she articulated ambivalence about the academically or creatively motivated woman. (Harding 21).In conclusion, in view Hardings work as a critique of inactive Christianity. However, Davis Hardings works of mockery fall short of addressing sufficiently the outstanding constructive essentials of Life in the Iron Mills. On the other hand, her tale is a conversion tale that does not meet justice to Hardins text

Engineering drawing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering force - Essay ExampleDrawing is considered as a vital share of the integral technology assignment and is a major portion of the designing region of the field of engineering. There are several fields of engineering, including mechanical, technical and civil engineering and all fields have placed sure amount of importance on the consummationivity of engineering rough drawing. Engineering drawing has two meanings, firstly it is the act of drawing itself and secondly it is the output of drawing or a piece of art that is visible to others. Engineering drawing is considered as a nomenclature and this language even comprises of grammatical rules such as the grammatical rules invested in English language (Ve?n?ugo?pa?l V). There is a huge digression between both engineering drawing and artistic drawing although certain amount of people may use both the terms interchangeably. All engineers use up to learn the proper way of conducting the act of engineering drawing as it can have devastating effects as any language if not used in the proper manner can have devastating impacts. Body Those who are not related to the field of engineering may estimation both engineering as well as artistic drawing as simply drawing both engineers and artists may share similar traits as both are concern in the process of drawing images. But the purpose of both types of drawings differ, drawing that is artistic in nature is conducted with the purpose of imparting emotional messages, and the purpose of engineer made drawing is to spread information and provide insight (Madsen 11). Another major difference between both forms of drawing is that of understanding, in order to understand engineer made drawings, one needs to have knowledge of the field of engineering. The engineer has to pass through a crabby possess and needs to obtain certain skill set in order to develop drawings for engineering purpose. This process is even regarded as technical drawing and is used in v arious disciplines of engineering and non engineering disciplines. Engineering is a very vast field and they may share certain common types of drawings and certain drawings are only limited to a particular field of engineering. For example in the case of metal engineering, the field specific types of drawings may include legend and casting and the fabrication part of metal engineering may further be divided into other forms of drawings. Engineer made drawings even act as legal documentation as this document interacts and transfers information regarding what resources and assistance is desirable for those will ultimately transform a drawing of an idea into a substantive end product (Choi 10). Engineering drawings are used as a means of creating a contract between two parties, there are parties involved when an engineering idea in drawing form is sold to someone, it even becomes a part of the purchasers and sellers purchase and sale order and is even a part of any changes made to th e product. This drawing helps in saving a manufacturer from being held responsible if the manager had followed all the steps that were stated in the drawing and still failed to produce a successful outcome. In this scenario the drawing is analyzed and the engineer who drew the engineering drawing

THE LOTTERY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

THE LOTTERY - Essay ExampleIn this case, Jackson questions this tradition implicitly by stating that the villagers are not very conscious about the actual lottery but still continue to conserve its tradition (Jackson 7). The writer reveals how rationalizing such a primal tradition makes it difficult to view any rituals involved as anything but hypocritical. As a result, only readers can see the madness of this tradition by the villagers.The theme of tradition is very applicable today. Much emphasis and emotional value is placed on yearly celebrations such as Christmas and juvenile Years Day. On top of these emphases, consumerism marks both traditions and impairs any rational judgment required to rethink their rue values to conjunction. Christmas today cannot be celebrated without overindulging in shopping behavior and bodily consumption to the extent that shoppers get violent when products sell out in stores. I think societys blind adoption of excessive consumption during Christma s as a tradition allows it cover its ears to any logic and has ultimately become part of its

MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 5 - SLP Essay

MIH514 - Cross-Cultural Perspectives Module 5 - SLP - Essay Example1 - 13). This shows how committed the government is to the expansion and development of wellness bid. The number of onetime(a) people in Malaysia is constantly rising, and as a result, the Malaysian Health Ministry has embarked on efforts aimed at attracting more foreign investment and overhauling the system. The system of health care in Malaysia is widespread and efficient. The private and universal health care systems in the country coexist. In 2005, the infant mortality rate was 10, which goes on to show that the general healthcare in Malaysia is efficient (Ariff & Beng 2006, pp. 2-8).Malaysias population consists of three main ethnic groups that include the Malays, Indian and Chinese. Despite having remarkable modern rural health services, Malaysians use a wide variety of traditional healthcare systems. Traditional Malaysian medicine is inspired by the teachings from the three cultures mentioned above. Three e yeshots are include in traditional health practice. The first aspect is spiritual therapy where a patient receives treatment for spiritual and psychological conditions. These conditions include depression, obsession, magic spells, and insomnia. The second aspect is massage therapy that uses different methods, balms an instruments in different regions of Malaysia. The third aspect is herbs that are in the form of liquids, powders, leaves, tablets, oils or pills. These herbal remedies are primarily aimed at restoring the born(p) balance in the bodys systems.The traditional religious beliefs and superstitions of Malaysian people have an important impact on the health of the people. These beliefs include possibility telling, worshipping ancestors, historical heroic gods, Buddhist gods and Taoist gods. These beliefs have important influence, particularly among patients with subjective psychotic experiences such as

Compare and contrast two leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Compare and contrast two leaders - Essay exemplarHitler was instrumental in German Nationalist movement, who is accused for exterminating Jews, and depicted by historians as devil incarnate. In this context, words of Konrad Heiden hold true. For years, Mein Kampf stood as a validation of the blindness and complacency of the world. In its pages Hitler announced long before he came to powera program of blood and terror in a self revelation of such overwhelming frankness that few had the courage to believe itThat such a man could go so far towards realizing his ambitionsthat is a phenomenon the dry land will ponder for centuries to come (Konrad 1969). Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, to Karamchand Gandhi, at Porbandar, an obscure town in Gujarat. He had a very good childhood as his father occupied high office of the province. In his childhood Gandhi was very timid, shy, and introvert and not smart and good at studies. He got married at the early age of thirteen, as was t he custom of his community, which affected his education a little bit. Somehow he completed his high school education and linked college, but his performance was not satisfactory and subsequently dropped out just after three months. His family adviser suggested that studying law and obtaining barrister title from England was rather abstemious and he was sent to England. After completing his law study in England he returned to India. He was not a successful lawyer in India, and thereof his brother arranged to send him to South Africa in pursuit of his career as a lawyer.Adolph Hitler was born to Alois Hitler on 20th April, 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria near German border. His father was a senior custom official who retired from civil service when he was only six. Adolph was very intelligent and ambitious to be a painter. As his father was in civil service, he was educated in the best school of that time. His father wanted him to follow his career and reach great heights in civi l

Operations and logistics management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operations and logistics management - Essay Exampleas internet as a channel of business and communication has gained a wet footing, internet retail is becoming an option to expand business across new horizon synergies need to be established in the multi channel retailing strategy or moving across boundaries with pure brick and mortar model. With huge business empire build up decision should made with respect to the organizational structure, centralization vs decentralization of operations, use of technology in the operations such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), data mining, point of sales (POS) terminals etcetera eBay transformed this experience into a virtual market place.The internet marketplace as an industry is rapidly growing, and the industry is becoming very competitive, with loads of user demand increasing continuously. This use of technology revolutionized the brick and mortar business concept to the virtual network of business. Hence, then evolved various busi ness models for the online business solutions three of them principally include the e-commerce model, the issue-rich model and the membership/subscription model. The companies selling products, goods and services over the internet, make use of the e-commerce business model providing advertising spaces on websites that attract visitors and subscribers is the domain of content rich model and lastly, web pages that provide subscription and membership to access different parts or items contained on the site by charging a certain substance of fee is another of the model.With the passage of time the aggregator business model, with aggressive infrastructure built up by many entrants to the industry gained popularity but not all survived. The need be achieving and capitalizing on economies of scale for myriad of services to be offered at the cheapest offers to the customer.eBay provides both product and service. The service as distinguished from a good has certain characteristics viz. intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity or

Business law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business law - Case Study ExampleThe customer or other persons should be protected from harm not scarcely while he is performing a business transaction but also while entering and leaving the premises. This case comes on a lower floor the purview of house physicians Liability Act 1957.The Occupiers Liability Act 1957 regulates occupiers liability to visitors or customers who pay visit to their premises. S 1(2) of the Act defines visitors as persons who enter the premises with the licence by the occupier. The Learned Wig is a shop where visitors are invited to do a business transaction. As per the law, visitors are those persons who have the express or implied permission of the occupier to be on the premises to carry out a transaction. Therefore, enthalpy was a visitor to the occupiers premises and hence comes under the provisions of this Act. If Henry was a trespasser the case would have come under the Occupiers Liability Act 1984.Section 2(4)(a) of Occupiers Liability Act 1957 declares that a pattern will only discharge the occupiers duty regarding danger, but the model should be reasonable and must possess necessary guidelines to avoid such dangers. In Henrys case there was no warning implying Henry to keep away from the pile of books, which was going to fall on him. A simple warning like do not touch or enter at your own risk could not be treat as warning because it is exclusively insufficient to invite the attention of the visitors against the danger waiting for them. The warning provided by The Learned Wig is not specific and is a willful desistance from taking liability of injuries caused by their negligence. The warning, which the management has put, was nothing but a sign cautioning the customers, and the same had hidden motives and was not expressive to the visitor or to the customer, and hence it cannot be treated as a sufficient warning under the proviso.The legal approach is based on the

The Portrayal of Transsexualism in Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Portrayal of Transsexualism in Media - Essay ExampleTransgender bulk bop that most of the outsiders consider them to be somehow impaired, or mentally ill. This opinion dictates the suspicious attitude towards those, who dont belong to the community. The transgender community positions itself as a group of hatful who score a complex of medical/psychological problems they help each other to solve. They also let the outer world know that they unite not to let the world offend or discriminate those, who belong to their community. Transgender community is centered on the idea that the members have to support each other to break their survival. Some researchers identify transsexuals as the representatives of the third sex (Shapiro, 1991), thus transgender people often feel that they differ from the rest of the world psychologically, socially, and culturally.Some historians said that transgender people have always existed, but they revealed themselves only in the 20th century. The modern study of what might be called transgenderism began with Magnus Hirschfeld and the 1910 publication of his book, The Transvestites An Investigation of the Erotic Desire to muck up Dress, - says Vern L. Bullough, the author of the study Transgenderism and the Concept of Gender (2000). After this study, many scientists contributed to creating the transgender scientific base, including Freud. People have been becoming more and more tolerable towards this minority throughout the 20th century.Transsexualism is an issue that is widely discussed in media nowadays. Transsexuals as a group have announced themselves relatively recently, thus there is still very much of misunderstandings about the nature of the desire to live like the representative of the opposite gender. Lots of Americans have wrong information about the issue of transexualism, that is why detrimental stereotypes ar developed in the U.S society. Unfortunately media is one of the main sources of those stereotypes. It is natural, as it is from the media that most U.S d intimatelyers get the information about transsexuals, but when this issue is put in the wrong light in books, articles, or TV shows, it creates severe problems for transgendered people and their families.The transsexuals often have problems with medical care, and with legal forces. The thing is that the usual doctors and nurses, as well as policeman, have little understanding of what the transsexual are. They have their own stereotypes about transsexuals, and, as a result, the transsexuals are often discriminated by these specialists. (Conway, 2003).They also have problems registering marriage in some state. In Kansas and Texas, for example, transsexual marriages are sometimes declared invalid, and the judges even sometimes refuse to acknowledge that the operated person is a representative of the gender other than he was born in. (Minter, 2004).For example, some articles and books, especially those written by orthodox believers, promote an idea that transsexualism is a mental illness. Moreover, de-jure they are right, as in DSM-4 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) it is classified as an illness. This is one of the main reasons for which transsexual people suffer discrimination when trying to beat a job, as most employers dont wont to hire a person who is mentally

MacroF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MacroF - Essay ExampleD fr doal conquer 20. A 450 21. D 1/R 22. C (E 1/m) 23. D improver GDP with low interest (inc bullion supply) 24. A sell sec, reduce grades and inc take req 25. B money supply 100 26. D increase money supply to 100 27. C 4 28. D 29. B prime intt rate 30. D decrease exports and appreciate $ 31. B - monetarism 32. C Keynesian economics 33. A rational expectation 34. C Philips curve 35. C Speed of modification 36. C Laffer curve 37. B below ob 38. D done all 39. A 3.6 trillion 40. B Canada 41. D all of the above 42. A excise on imports 43. B less resources and more needs 44. D rent, wages, intt, profits 45. A increase one at anothers expenditure 46. A direct, inverse 47. C price (price changes the hire curve not movement on equal demand curve) 48. C increase in demand 49. D both statements are ok unless it is some sort of trick question 50. D high marginal cost of production 51. B 1 and 200 52. B 1.60 53. D 0.50 54. D corpora te profits 55. B functional 56. A personal 57. D top 1/5th nourish 8 times the lowest 1/5th 58. A no claim on proprietor personal assets 59. C GDP 60. B PI 61. A all final goods and services in a year 62. C 25% 63. C supply shock 64. B 180 Bn 65. C 40 at all levels 66. D - $2 for every +$3 in GDP 67. B 3 Short Answers Question 1 The macroeconomic equivalence of exchange is the relationship between Money supply that is the total nominal amount of money in circulation (M), Velocity of money meaning the mediocre frequency with which money is spent (V), Price level (P) and index of real expenditures (Q). It is expressed as M x V = P x Q From the equation of exchange, we see that money together with velocity is the source of funding for economic activities. Furthermore, it shows that for a given stock of money, an increase in velocity helps finance a greater value of transactions than money could have done by itself. Thus, the velocity of money describes the amount of econ omic activity with a given money supply. If all other things remain constant, changes in velocity of money can greatly affect the prices. A very high V at same M and Q would result in an increase in P (price level), that is inflation, and vice versa. If the velocity of money is stable, economists are able to predict the GDP levels and take action accordingly. Money supply can be effectively used to implement the economic policies with the desired result. If, however, V is unstable, it leads to fluctuations in price levels, and the economic policy changes in M can bring negative result. For example, if V decreases suddenly, inflation will also drop. In order to control this, the government might decide to increase the money supply. Now, if the V also increases after the increase in money supply, this would lead to sudden high inflation with combined effect of increased M and V. So, the stability of V is very important for governments to be able to decide and implement effective econo mic policies. Question 2 The structure of Federal reserve system is shown below in figure 1. Figure 1 Structure of Federal reserve system The components of the federal reserve system and their functions are set forth below 1. Board of governors they are appointed by the US president and confirmed by the US senate. The primary responsibility of the Board members is the formulation of fiscal policy. The Board sets reserve requirements and shares

Application of Business Vocabulary in Financial Articles Literature review

Application of Business Vocabulary in Financial Articles - Literature review ExampleIn the article, the writer uses the keywords fumble Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Baby Boomers are the children that were born in the post World War II economic boom. In the article, Keller uses the term as the oldest of the determinable generational segments and further describes their propensity for being health and fashion conscious. Generation X and Generation Y are market segments that are differentiated by age, with Generation X being the older set. Keller uses the generational set as market segments and points out that the overlap between 18-34 is the fastest growing segment. The author makes no social or cultural comments on these segments.In the article titled Six Tips for Buying or Expanding a Business the author offers sound advice on how to enhance a businesss chance for success. The author, Jeff rocknroll, takes the reader from building a solid foundation through the import ant aspect of making a profit. Stone overly includes the intermediary steps of grooming and seeking help when advantageous. The article advises the small business community on seeking investments and financing and the take aimments that the financial institutions may require for success. These common sense issues include things such as creating a good brand image and keeping accurate company records. In the article Stone uses the keywords Small Business, Small Business Administration, and Business Plan.While the legal definition of a small business may vary from state to state or be dependant upon the institution involved, it is generally defined as a business that employs a small number of people. In Stones article, he defines it and uses it in the setting as those businesses that are of such small size they are especially vulnerable to changing conditions or lack of planning. The Small Business Administration (SBA) is a government agency designed to provide a wide variety of p rograms for small businesses. These can include everything from planning to financing. Stone uses the term in context of use with the planning help that is available at the SBA. A business plan is a well thought out and long term approach for planning and running a company. The author elaborates on this definition and includes many of the aspects of a business plan such as the necessity to obtain financing and benchmarks for amount success.In an article published in 2002, author Jacqueline J. Kennelly argues that thaw trade and the associated movements towards globalization may have a negative effect on womens health care and feminism in general. Published in Canadian Woman Studies and titled Making Connections Womens Health and the Anti-Globalization Movement, the author argues the pros and cons of free trade and free trade associations and the impact of anti-globalization efforts. The author contends that the anti-globalization movement is often perceived as a white male-domina ted institution and as such tends to overlook womens issues. Much of the billet centers on the movement towards privatization of health care systems and how they diminish the health care available to women.

The Human Being and Living The Good Life Essay Example for Free

The Human Being and Living The Good Life EssayThis paper contains the different definitions of what it means to be a gentlemans gentleman being and alert a good animation. In this paper we will take a look at Hobbes and Augustines definition of the human being and the good spiritedness. both(prenominal) of these philosophers give examples of what they think the good life is, and the desires of human nature. In this paper I will talk slightly Augustine and his thought of how in order to racy a good life, unrivalled needs to seek deity to find true gaiety. I will also talk about what being a human being and nutriment the good life means to Hobbes, and his thought of how human stirity is the ticket to pleasure and the good life. I think Augustine offers a more accurate description of the human being and the good life because I consort that true rapture orduret be name in earthly things. I believe thither is much more to life than finding happiness and self-worth in success, bills, fame, popularity, and etc.Life cha wrongg after worldly-minded items wont bring you happiness because you will of all time feel like there is something more you want and desire, the materialistic items wont return you. Augustines definition of the human nature is one that is a God-seeker. Augustine agrees with Plato that the human nature has a mind to think and choose. He also believes that human beings own the free will to choose between good and evil. He believes that the human beings search for ultimate ful live up toment and happiness. He believes that the good life is a life following God. Augustine believes that the only way to find eternal happiness and live a fulfilled life is following God because human beings are innate(p) as natural sinners only when we find God, the conceit in our heart is filled with eternal love and happiness. His definition of the good life is not one free of suffering, troubles, or sorrow, just now one with faith in God. He beli eves that the grace of God is what will make us happy and a kindred with God is true happiness.He believes that when we seek materialistic existence it ultimately leads to despair. He believes that a person that chases materialistic items is one who is selfish, because that person is always intellection about what the world/ another person fire do for me A godly person is one who appreciates the world for who it is andanother person for who he/she is. A godly person finds the life fulfilled. He believes that because human beings are all sinners, chasing after materialistic items will only lead to more sin and addiction, it wont give us the ultimate satisfaction and fulfillment. Augustine shares his personal experience with us about how he chased after materialistic items and stole for fun, provided it was neer sufficient to fulfill him. He talks about his lust and search for love, but he didnt find true love, fulfillment, or happiness until he found God.Human beings are the s ame, they chase after fame, money, popularity, success, and material items, but they will always feel the void, emptiness, and unfulfilled. Materialistic happiness is only temporary. last fulfillment and happiness requires spiritual existence and not tangible existence. Hobbes believes that the definition of human nature is a person who desires happiness. Hobbes believes that happiness is relative to the individual. There is no universal happiness. Hobbes believes that human beings are self-centered, self- preservative, and desire power. Hobbes believed that the state of nature would lead to the state of war because there are no laws in the state of nature, human beings earn absolute freedom and the absolute freedom will lead to a constant state of fear.Hobbes believes that human beings are self-centered and self-preservative because they think about themselves before thinking about others. Hobbes believes that the basic components of human nature are competitiveness, diffidence, and glory. We do whatever we can to defend what we have, which makes us diffident. We all seek to have the repetition that others admire, which makes us seeking of glory. Hobbes believes that human equality is the good life. He believes that humans are equal in terms of body and mind. We are equal in body because we all have the ability and strength to kill each other. We are equal in mind because of prudent and practical parole (knowledge gained through with(predicate) experience).We all share the ability to learn from experience. That is why for Hobbes, everyone deserves the same dutys and all rights. He believes that the only way to reach happiness and the good life is equality because human beings are naturally competitive. If everyone and everything is equal, then the competition will not be there because everyone is getting all the same things and same rights and there is nothing to fight over, so there will be peace.I think Augustine gives a better description of the human being because I agree that chasing after materialistic items cant fill the empty void that is felt in the heart, only the love and mercy of God can fill that empty void. I believe that God created us and we wont feel that everlasting love or happiness until we find God again, and I believe that only He can fill that empty void in our hearts. The materialistic items can bring temporary happiness and joy but that happiness and joy will eventually go away, and you feel that emptiness again. I agree that all human beings are born as sinners and we go after materialistic items like money, fame, popularity, success, love, and etc., and even when we do have all those materialistic items, we always want more.Human beings are selfish and enough never seems to exist in our vocabulary. I can speak from my personal experience because I desire for money, success, love, fame, and popularity as well. Even though I have a part-time job and Im making enough money for me to spend on food, daily nece ssities, clothes, entertainment, and enjoyment, it assuage doesnt seem enough. I always want to make more money, because to me there is no such thing as too much money. I desire for success because being no-hit means you can make lots of money and get lots of fame and popularity. I like to feel loved, whether it is by friends, family, or a significant other. alike Augustine, I realized that all these materialistic items brings me temporary joy, happiness, and fulfillment but it doesnt last because it still doesnt feel like its enough to make me feel satisfied. It wasnt until one of my friends starting bringing me to church, and I learned about God and the love and mercy He has shown us and granted us it was then that I realized that I need God in my life.After finding God and accepting Him, I felt the emptiness in my heart that I tried to fill with materialistic items and temporary happiness, was finally filled with eternal happiness and fulfillment. I knew that the good life an d living a life following God didnt mean that I wouldnt be facing trouble or that life was going to be easy, that I wasnt going to face trials, temptations, or sufferings, but I knew that a life following God meant happiness and faith and trust that God will be there for me no matter what. Having that faith in Him made me fill fulfilled. I also began looking at things differently, instead of thinking about myself and the things I can get from money, fame, popularity, or success, I began thinking about how I can give to others and society withthe success or money or fame I have or will have. I began to think of the things I can do for others or for society, instead of what others or the society can do for me. I became more selfless instead of being selfish.Even though my life isnt perfect and I still face sufferings and trails daily, I feel fulfilled because I have God in my life and I wasnt able to feel this way or find this happiness when chasing after the materialistic goods. That is why I believe Augustines definition is an accurate one. We can spend our entire life searching for happiness and we can have all the money in the world, or all the fame and popularity in the world, and we can feel loved by our significant others and family members and friends, but we will still feel unhappy, empty, lonely, or something is missing. God alone can fill that emptiness and loneliness, no one or nothing else can fill it. That is why I believe that even though following God may not be perfect and easy, that everlasting happiness and eternal love is worth it.Hobbes is right that the human beings desire happiness and is selfish and competitive and want popularity. However, I disagree that there is no universal happiness. There is universal happiness for whoever finds God. I believe that because we were all born as sinners, accepting God as our savior and knowing that He loves us even after all the sin we commit, weve committed, and we will commit, will makes us feel love d and accepted by our Heavenly Father. That is the fulfillment we need. We can find everlasting love and eternal happiness in our Heavenly Father. That is why I believe that in order to have a good life, one has to seek God and live for and through Him.

Dickens writes Oliver Twist Essay Example for Free

Dickens writes Oliver Twist EssayDickens creates sympathy for Oliver and the other orphans throughout the first four chapters of the book. He does this by describing in shrewdness the neglect, mistreatment and emotions of the children. There is a strong example of this at the end of the first chapter when Dickens writes Oliver cried lustily. If he could have known that he was an orphan, left to the tender mercies of church-wardens and overseers, peradventure he would have cried the louder. Oliver suffers dearly while living in the workhouse he is quite regularly make an example of. One of the occasions he is made an example of is when he is forced to ask for more gruel by the other orphans. For doing this he is harshly beaten by cane in front of the other children and is then imprisoned. Oliver and the other orphans were beaten both mentally and physically, neglected and starved from birth, until either leaving the workhouse as slave laborers or dieing.Oliver is terrified of Mr.Gamfield he openly shows his emotion to the whole board of the workhouse when in chapter three he falls to his knees, praying that they would order him back the room, that they would starve him, beat him, kill him. He prays for all of this rather than them send him away with Mr. Gamfield In the time of workhouses the standard of living was near to none. The unwealthy basically had no choice to but to enter a workhouse. They would work for a roof and little food. All of the people in the workhouse had to sleep on the hard floor and receive poor medical attention.Overall the living physical body were appalling, Charles Dickens uses irony to create a feeling of how bad the conditions where, a good example of this is that nearly every member of staff is overweight dismantle them giving out the tiny amount of gruel to the orphans. Dickens attempts to create a feeling of pity for the orphans, by doing this we can see that he is trying to live distress, stop other people from going through what he went through. Dickens somehow manages to take a subject as important as poverty and put it across by using humor, and at the same time still manages to keep that feeling of seriousness.

Assessment and Students Essay Example for Free

estimate and Students EssayThe aim of this assignment is to demonstrate assessment as a factor that affects tuition in placement areas. I am a qualified midwife who works for an NHS Trust but find it difficult to deal with struggling students, through assessment. According to NMC (2006) the term mentor is used to de n oneness the role of a Nurse or Midwife who facilitates learning and supervises and assesses students in practice places. I shall be referring to the standard of Assessment in practice.As a qualified midwife, I know the importance of assessment but not very sure on how to go about it, yet to fulfill a better maestro of tomorrow, mentors need to master good ways of doing this. Assessment is something we do before undertaking any process of instruction and again at the end of a practice placement. It is however a way of collecting, mensuration and interpreting of information relating to a learners response the process of instruction Hand (2006).There are three w ays of assessing used in health and social care formative, summative and continuous There are a variety of student, teacher and environment factors that can affect the quality of learning like, lack of assessment is one of those factors that affect learning Adult learning is a complex field with many different theories and can be intimidate for mentors, however. Anderson (2011) states the need to have an understanding of intellectual, physical and attitudinal processes involved in adult learning to support and assess students in practice.Most students nursing students will achieve the proficiency standards they need to register but mentors may be faced with students whose performance is weak, while these may be in the minority, evidence suggests that mentors find this one of the most challenging aspects of their role Duffy (2004). The NMC Standards to support learning and assessment in practice (2006) set mentors responsibility in supporting and assessing nursing and midwifery stu dents.The standards accent mentors role in managing the failing students. Within pre-registration nursing and midwifery education programmes, clinical competency is verified via continuous assessment in practice. Mentors assess competence in practice and have a responsibility to confirm that students are capable of a safe and effective practice, NMC (2006). This requires them to identify underperforming students and manage the situation appropriately.Duffy (2004) identified that one of the reason mentors fail to fail students in practice is lack of knowledge of the assessment process. Students may react with anger/ aggression and denial, and may verbally abuse their mentor. They may react by blaming others, or nevertheless the previous mentor. Some students may be relieved and willing to accept a failed assessment. mishap can have a positive or negative outcome which is why some mentors may chose to avoid the assessment to avoid stress that is accompany with failing a student.Du ffy (2004) similarly states that this can leave the mentor feeling sad, anger, exhaustion or relief. Although failing students may have emotional consequences on the strong team, it is important that mentors do not avoid these situations by passing them when they feel that they have not achieved the outcome required of them whatever the reason. CONCLUSSION I have enjoyed look at assessment as an aspect of mentorship, as I had to look at my own practice it has opened my eyes in prioritising what is important and what is not.I have always known myself as someone who is not as assertive as I ought to be, and sometimes feel sorry or even scared of the reaction and thought I may end up passing a student who has failed. The NMC Code of professional conduct (2004) states that nurses and midwives on professional register have the duty to facilitate students of nursing and midwifery and others to develop their competence. By passing a failed student, you are not keeping to this code of co nduct, and also by passing them you are making your own work a lot harder as you will have to work with an incompetent professional tomorrow.

Movie Review: “Water” by Deepa Mehta

Movie Review Water by Deepa MehtaDeepa Mehta is an Indian-born ask director who lives and works inCanada. In 2005 her film Water was released. Water is the third and the last part of her Elements trilogy. The trilogy consists of three films Fire (1996), Earth (1998) and Water (2005). All three films are dedicated toIndia its history, culture, religion and the problems that dress up in the country and in the society particularly due to different reasons. Water, the last part of the trilogy, concentrates on the social state of a wo troops in Indian society, especi on the wholey on the social position of a widow. The film tells us about a small eight-year-old girl who was unlucky to become a widow at the very beginning of her life. Life of widows is not only difficult, it is also rather unfair. She cannot live with her parents. Chuyia has to spend the rest of her life in ashram a special institution for women like her widows who cannot even talk to other men, women who must be impri soned in ashram in order to atone their sins. These sins are considered to be the reason of their husbands deaths. Unfortunately Chuyia is not lucky at all. The ashram she lives in is ruled by a woman who is unaware of moral qualities of a woman and of a human in general. Madhumatis friends are scoundrels, transvestites and pimps. She sells the widows under her care to men, the permanent clients of the ashram. Chuyia sees and understands everything. She also comprehends that one day that will also become her fate. The girl is surrounded by different people and some of them are really good. A young, very attractive woman whose name is Kalyani becomes her friend. She also has to work as a sporting lady but theres no choice for widows in ashram they do what they are told to do. Kalyani is young and her heart did not go to the grave with her husband. She lives, she breaths and she wants to live a full life. The tragic situation in which women find themselves is emphasized by her stron g feeling towards Narayan a diesome man who falls in love with beautiful Kalyani. The man is rather sure of his feelings. His firm intention is to rescue the woman by marrying her. A really controversial situation is depicted in the picture. Kalyani wants to be with Narayan as much as he does. Though she is not sure about her future life at all. She knows that her religion and the society she lives in prescribe her to mask from other people till the very end of her life. She has no right to love, no right to live a full life. On the other hand the soul of a loving woman tells the opposite things. That is a real problem that young Indian women face. Unfortunately it is next to impossible to deal with much(prenominal) superstitions and public opinion. There is no happy end in the story Kalyani learns that Narayans father was one of her clients. There is a tragic pause nobody knows what to do next. But the woman makes her decision there is no reason to live. She kills herself. All these tragic events are observed by a small Chuyia. The girl realizes all the hopelessness and desperation of her future life. That may also happen to her. The question is left open.Works cited Deepa Mehta impresses with Water. Accessed 7 May 2010 available from http//inhome.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar /09water.htm Internet.

A Case Study Of Standard Chartered Bank

A Case Study Of Standard undertake strandThis chapter provides an introduction of the field of champaign with the main argonas presented including the importance of dialogue in an organisation, fooling, intranet, the problem statement, purpose, inquiry questions, limitations and assumptions that each(prenominal)ow govern the study.Background of the StudyCommunication is an organisational as beat which has a big impact on the success of the telephone line. Communication serves a number of important functions in an organisation such as sharing and clarifying goals, identifying how goals be to be masterd, exerting control, motivating others, developing a sense of community and dedication, sharing in editionation and creating common understanding. It is estimated that employees spend about quadruplet fifth of their working conduct communicating (Ferreira, 2006). Communication in the organisation is central to the success of the business and must be taken into consideration in a quest to growth organisational competitive advantage. harmonise to a study conducted in the U.S. by Watson Wyatt, a human resources consulting firm, companies that communicate more(prenominal) trenchantly with their employees wealthy person a lower overthrow rate (on average 33.3 sh be) than those that communicate less goodly (average 51.6 share) (Ewing, 2007). Du Plessis and Boshoff (2008, p.3) coiffured inbred dialogue as the dialogue between people working together to achieve individual or collective organisational goals. Internal communion, excessively referred to as organisational parley, is the dish up of communication between the people indoors the organisation (Scheffer Crystal, 2008). Internal communication carry through is used to maintain good semblanceships, describe tasks, give instructions and communicate the goals and philosophy of the organisation (Ferreira, 2006). Effective knowledgeable communication is a major reader to the success of convince initiatives in organisations. In particular, at the individual level, appropriate inseparable communication helps employees to understand two the need for change, and the private effects of the proposed change (Goodman Truss, 2004).The study of privileged communication is arguably superstar of the fastest growing areas within the field of communication, with a 25-30 percent growth rate in the then(prenominal) five years. In fact, studies indicate that organisations are pointing to effective congenital communication as an influential factor in business success (Cees, Berens, Dijkastra, 2005 Holtz, 2006). Internal communication is defined as the formal and informal communication taking place internally at all levels of an organisation (Kalla, 2005, p.304). Research on internal communication is cross disciplinary, and the number of available definitions reflects this fact. Internal communication can be termed as internal marketing, organisational communication, emplo yee relations (Quirke, 2000), solicitude communication, internal media, cross-departmental communication (Greenbaum, Clampitt, Willihnganz, 1988), business or corporeal communication (Kitchen, 1997), strategic communication (Argenti, 2007) or integrated internal communications (Kalla, 2005). Welch and Jackson (2007) view internal communication from a stakeholder approach and define it as the strategic precaution of interactions and relationships between stakeholders at all levels within organisations (p. 183).Literature spanning the last 10 years suggests that good internal communication attention is one of the pivotal steps towards in(predicate) and productive communication within an organisation (Holtz, 2006 Karian Box, 2006 Cees et al., 2005 Quirke, 2000a Tourish Hargie, 2000a). Welch and Jackson (2007) state that internal communication management includes participation in communication, its direction and the content of communication (p.184). However, participation and di rection of communication is strongly influenced by the hierarchical structure of the organisation where issues of status, power, rank and prerequisites often cloud the form and content of upward communication (Silburyte, 2004, p.192).Today, organisations are adopting flatter more dynamic structures which have more inclusive participation from all levels of the organisation (Silburyte, 2004) as substantially as varied content including impudently developments, organisational achievements, appraisal discussions and employee roles, noted previously in Welch and Jacksons quadruple dimensions of internal communication (see Table 2.1). Similarly, Quirke (2000a) also suggests that internal communication can be shared across different organisational departments and likens it to a jigsaw where each section is responsible for a piece of the internal communication astound (i.e. the core departments within an organization). This metaphor suggests that internal communication is more than the concretem of corporate communication and is involved in all areas of the organisation.BrandingIn the fresh global competitive environment, corporate filthing has become an important source of sustainable competitive advantage and a central element of corporate scheme (Balmer Gray, 2003). It includes core values cherished by a alliance, its corporate culture, identity, business model, people and it can be described as -the visual, verbal and demeanoural facet of corporate identity and business model (Cicvari, 2006). The corporate differentiateing strategy determines the manner in which a company go a bureau fulfill its mission and vision, and pick up value for its stakeholders (Jarventie-Thesleff et al, 2011). It is most often expressed done the so-called instigator promise which the company has to live and maintain in everyday business, to all stakeholders (Aaker, 2004).In delivering the value and soil promise, as well as in the application of each branding strategy, a strategic part is played by the companys employees (from upside management to those on lower-level positions, who co-operate daily with different stakeholders. The employees role becomes clear when considered in conjunction with the corporate branding strategy framework, which is not only the products and redevelopments it sells, but it also represents what the company does and actually is, (i.e. a functionally and emotionally rounded unity).Due to intensive technological changes, the life cycle of products and assistant has a declining tendency, so corporate branding becomes the cornerstone for building and maintaining relations with stakeholders. nonpareil the other hand, the corporate reputation definition describing reputation-as a set of relatively long-term impressions, attitudes and emotions of individuals or groups in respect of an organization, established through experience or partially credible indirect information, in the context of personal and social expectation s, which impacts intentions or behavior of individuals or groups in connection with that specific organization (Vlastelica Baki, 2012), helps to grasp the significance of employees in the establishment of beliefs and attitudes of the companys other stakeholders. The value of corporate branding and reputation yields benefits for the company which increases its financial performances and market value on the long run. This represents valuable resources which competitors cannot copy or imitate. Aside from reputation, being the organizations intangible capital, another precious resource that is singular and attributable to one company only involves its employees, their knowledge, abilities and skills.Kotler Wong, Saunders and Armstrong (2005) define a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, that identifies the maker or seller of a product or service and seeks to differentiate them from those of competitors. The brand is more or less the essence of an o rganization that informs the customers choice to interact with one brand over another. It is therefore clear that by focusing more efforts on branding, organisations can attempt to differentiate themselves more in the minds of customers and potential customers by increasing the value propositions associated with their brands and create a strong brand image and presence in the market thus giving them a stronger competitive advantage.Fernandez (2004) defines a corporate brand as the institutions image, reputation, financial assets, performance and people. Thus, the corporate brand of an organisation tells us what to expect from the organisation as a whole the set of values, promises, standards and characteristics of an organisation as embodied in the brand. It is thus the totality of the organisation and what it represents and what it hopes to achieve through provision of goods and services in the ordinary course of business. A brand can thus be said to constitute the collection of a ssociations in the mind of a customer connected to the brand e.g. feature, friendliness, added value, pukka service among others and such are what can greatly differentiate between similar products and services. The value of these associations, their uniqueness and relevance are an indication of the power of the brand. The underlying brand promise is what many organizations are looking to further underscore and highlight in their increased branding efforts to retain existing customers and attract more customers.One key element of effective employer branding is internal branding. Internal branding is only effective when internal audiences are reached with the message of the organizations values, through effective communicatory efforts and when top management also exemplifies the same. Employees cannot be expected to show what they do not know. The service sector particularly has woken up to the fundamental importance of winning employee commitment in delivering customer satisfact ion and loyalty. The service sector does not provide tangible products/output that customers can take a air with them and experience on their own their experience with an organizations brand is through interacting with the organizations mental faculty. There has been a shift in the branding world as explained by Vargo and Lusch (2004) to a new preference known as service branding which is more balanced in its outlook. It considers both brand identity (internal) and brand image (external) highlighting the importance of staff in the service encounter.The banking sector is one area where service branding is very vital. Customers experience of the brand begins the moment they walk through the doors of the banking hall and in their dealing and experience with the banks employees. Thus, the way they are treated while in the banking halls, response to their queries, promises made and fulfillment of the same all contribute to their perception of the brand and indeed affect their loyalty t o the brand. Hence, there is a need to have employees that fully understand the brand in order to deliver more superior and unique brand experience to the customers in line with the organizations mission and vision.Overview of the money boxing Industry in KenyaThe banking industry in Kenya is governed by the Companies Act, the commiting Act, the Central Bank of Kenya Act and the miscellaneous prudential guidelines issued by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). The banking sector was liberalized in 1995 and modify controls lifted. The CBK, which falls under the Minister for Finance, is responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policy and fostering the liquidity, solvency and prudish functioning of the financial system. As at December, 2012 there were forty six banking and non-banking institutions, fifteen micro finance institutions and one hundred and nine foreign exchange bureaus. The banks have come together under the Kenya Bankers Association (KBA), which serves as a lobby for the banking sectors interests (CBK, 2013).The KBA serves as a forum to address issues affecting members (KBA, 2012). Over the uttermost between years 2006 to 2012, the banking sector in Kenya continued to grow in assets, deposits, profitability and products offer. The growth was mainly underpinned by first an industry wide secern ne iirk expansion strategy both in Kenya and in the East African community region. Second automation of a large number of services and a move towards emphasis on the complex customer needs rather than traditional off-the shelf banking products (KBA, 2012). Players in this sector experienced increased disceptation over the period between years 2006 to 2012 resulting from increased innovations among the players and new entrants into the market. Key players in the early stages of the operation of the Industry were Kenya Commercial Bank(k) Ltd. (KCB), Barclays Bank of (K) Ltd., (BBK), Standard rent Bank (K) Ltd.(SCB), National Industrial Credit B ank (NIC), National Bank of Kenya (K) Ltd. (NBK) and Co-operative Bank of Kenya (Co-op bank) ( KBA, 2012).Background on Standard Chartered Bank LtdStandard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited was established in 1911 with the first branch opened in Mombasa Treasury Square. More than c years later, Standard Chartered Bank is one of the leading Banks in Kenya, with an excellent franchise. It has a total of 33 branches spread across the country, 90 automated teller machines (ATMs) and 1,698 employees. Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited has local anaesthetic shareholding of about 26%, comprising about 32,000 shareholders and it is a public quoted company on the Nairobi Securities Exchange since 1989. The bank offers a variety of local and foreign currency accounts, both deposit and loan, to its customers. It has a diversified portfolio cutting across select sectors that include business services, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, transport and communication, real estate, agricultu re, energy and water. Further underpinning its importance, Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited hosts the regional Shared Service Centre supporting the banks technology operations in Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and Botswana and conspiracy Africa on a real time basis (Accessed from www. standardchartered.com/en/about-us).Statement of the ProblemDespite its importance, few organisations devote enough time and resources to ensure that effective communication systems and processes are in place (Ferreira, 2006). Sanchez (1999) reported in the study conducted by Watson Wyatt Worldwide in cooperation with IABC Research Foundation that only 40 percent of 913 organisations which participated in the study, mainly from the manufacturing industry had formal communication strategies. Knowledge is important, not only between organisations, but also within the organisation. About 90 percent of the knowledge in any organization is embedded and synthesized in peoples heads (Smith, 2001). The transfer of knowledge is thus important in ensuring that organisational members learn from one another and also create new knowledge. Communication performance within organisations has been considered an understudied area and therefore poorly understood (Pandey Garnett, 2006) yet it is deemed a central component of effective business operations (Hargie, Dickson, Tourish, 2004, p.5).Hargie et al., (2004) state that a lack of effective communication can contribute to a range of problems including at one end of the continuum, job dissatisfaction and stress, through to damaging strikes, operating losses, bankruptcies, production line injuries, shipwrecks, plane crashes and, at the other extreme, mass slaughter in the field of battle (p.5). Asif and Sargeant (2000) undertook a study of two major United Kingdom clearing banks to explore a range of internal communication issues. Literature specifically referring to the banking industry and internal communication is scrimpy however, studies have been undertaken within the last few years that suggest there is growing recognition of the importance of internal communication within this sector (Moorcroft, 2006 Wadman, 2006 Sablosky, 2005 Lennon, 2003 Asif Sargeant, 2000).According to Bierly, Kessler Christensen (2000, p.596) success does not necessarily go to the firms that know the most, but to the firms that can make the best use of what they know. Hence, for knowledge to give competitive advantage, it must be effectively transferred within the organisation (Murray Peyrefitte, 2007 Watson Hewett, 2006). Communication plays a vital role in the knowledge transfer process within the organisation (Du Plessis Boshoff, 2008). One way of managing the knowledge-transfer process is to select appropriate communication media for the property or type of knowledge to be transferred (Murray Peyrefitte, 2007). Information about the employees preferred communication methods and technologies is important in ensuring positive and effect ive communication (Du Plessis Boshoff, 2008 Ferreira, 2006).Research suggests that intranets should be considered a mosaic of top-down and bottom-up communication with distributed ownership (Dasgupta, 2001). A study carried out by Papasolomou and Vrontis (2006a) on the UK retail bank industry concluded that the problems linked to the branding of intangible offerings can be overcome through an emphasis on the effective implementation of Internal Marketing (IM). The study found out that since employees play a valuable role in the delivery and strengthening of corporate service brands UK retail banks have placed greater emphasis on IM in order to deliver the brands promise.A blanket approach throughout the organisation, regarding regulations on intranet usage, may not be appropriate as different business units will have different requirements. Rather a collaborative and facilitative managerial path would acknowledge diversity and individual contributions (Dasgupta, 2001), thereby al lowing individual units and teams to control their own information. Studies show that the versatility and multifaceted nature of intranets has seen an increase in research that is largely multidisciplinary (Lehmuskallio, 2006) however, research into the measurement of intranet effectiveness and perceptions of the employees towards the medium is still in its infancy and is seen as a fundamental shortcoming (Jacoby Luqi, 2007). This study will therefore focus on establishing the effectiveness of intranets to communicate brand message to its internal publics within SCB limited.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study therefore is to establish the effectiveness of intranets to communicate the brand message to its internal publics within SCB limited in an effort to find out if banks are taking the time, effort and resources to sell the brand to their internal audiences and what strategies have been employed to achieve this.Objectives of the StudyThis study will be guided by the fol lowing objectivesTo establish whether SCB Kenya limited has follow internal communication strategies within its organization to communicate the brand message.To find out the effectiveness of intranets in communicating the brand message among internal publics within SCB Kenya limited.To find out how employees in SCB Kenya limited integrate the organizations brand values through internal communication.Research QuestionsThis study will undertake to answer the following questionsHow has SCB Kenya limited adopted internal communication strategies within its organization to communicate the brand message?What is the effectiveness of intranets in communicating the brand message among internal publics within SCB Kenya limited?How do employees in SCB Kenya limited integrate the organizations brand values through internal communication?Justification of the StudyDespite its importance to corporate communications, rigorous corporate communication research about the use intranets in developing n ations is limited. Effective internal communication methods and media for knowledge transfer in the service industry are important for organizations to excel. Internal communication processes are therefore used to maintain good relationships, describe tasks, give instructions and communicate the goals and philosophy of the organisation. Effective internal communication is a major contributor to the success of change initiatives in organisations. In particular, at the individual level, appropriate internal communication helps employees to understand both the need for change, and the personal effects of the proposed change. This study will act as a benchmark to influence banks to adopt excellent internal communication strategies in order to better position their employees to deliver a more superior brand experience to the customers of the bank.Significance of the StudyThis study will add more knowledge in terms of academic contribution and knowledge which is limited in the area of int ernal communication within the Kenyan banking sector.This study will act as a platform through which the policy-makers within the banking sector can formulate policies to better enhance effective internal communication.The study will be able to provide recommendations and guidance on the effective internal communication strategies that can be put in place within the banking sector. grasp of the StudyThis study will be an overview of the internal banking environment in the Kenyan banking sector and will seek to undertake a case study of SCB Kenya limited. The subjects of the study will be the Public relations (PR)/marketing managers/Branch managers of the 20 branches in Nairobi and the customer service managers.Assumptions of the StudyThe assumptions that underlie this study are thatThe selected institution for the study will have some form of internal communication strategy in place used to inculcate brand knowledge among their employees.The data required for this study will be avai lable and that the researcher will receive maximum cooperation from the expected respondents to allow for a smooth, successful and timely completion of the study.Limitations of the StudyUnexpected negative response from respondents due to the fact that they might be unwilling to give out sensitive personal information. This will be mitigated through counter-checking on organizational information manuals as well as service charters.Lack of local scholarly publications on the topic as relates to banks and internal branding means that the some of the methods, concepts and models used in this study are foreign and will be adopted to suit the local experience.Definition of TermsBrandStern (2006, p.217) argues that the word brand can be classified as both an entity and a process, depending on whether it is used as a noun or as a verb. When expressed as a noun, it is connected to a person, place, or thing as a verb, it refers to the process of making a product contentful (i.e., the namin g or positioning of a product). Dual-function brand concepts such as brand identity and brand reputation (both used as nouns) show the flexibility of this concept. The words branding and branded, on the other hand, are used as verbs to indicate how a brands meaning changes over time. Stern further comments that in the physical world, a brand is a name or mark associated to a product while it in the minds of people refers to a mental representation or perception of a psychological meaning. This study will adopt this definition in consideration to the fact that this holistic definition reflects the fact that the brand is expressed in numerous ways, not only through marketing.Brand commitmentBurmann and Zeplin (2005, p.284) define employee brand commitment as the extent of psychological attachment of employees to the brand, which influences their willingness to exert extra effort towards reaching the brand goals. It is the degree to which employees identify and are involved with their service brand, are willing to exert additional efforts (extra touch) to achieve the goals of the brand and are interested in remaining with the organisation.Corporate communicationSteyn and Puth (2000, p.5) define corporate communication as managed communication on behalf of the organisation, aiming to increase organisational effectiveness by creating and maintaining relationships with stakeholders.Internal brandingAccording Drake, Gulman, and Roberts (2005) and Thomson, de Chernatony, Arganbright and Khan (1999), internal branding is the practice of selling and promoting the brand to the internal audiences of an organisation, i.e. its employees in order to be instrumental in influencing employees attitudes and shaping their behaviours to be aligned with a brand, by creating employees understanding of brand values and engaging them in living brand-reality.Internal customersThis is the concept of customer-service provider relationships inside the organisation employees providing a se rvice to other employees or departments in the organisation as opposed to providing a service to clients external to the organisation. Services should be provided to fellow employees and departments with the same commitment to customer satisfaction as for external clients (Gronroos, 2000, p.307 landsman, 2005, p.7).Internal communicationDu Plessis and Boshoff (2008, p.3) defined internal communication as The communication between people working together to achieve individual or collective organisational goals. Internal communication, also referred to as organisational communication, is the process of communication between the people within the organisation (Scheffer Crystal, 2008).Intra-organisational communicationIntra-organisational communication is the channels and systems of communication within the organisation. It entails the continuous design of interaction between all members of an organisation forming an all-inclusive device that joins people and structures within that or ganisation. Intra-organisational communication forms part of internal communication. Internal communication includes many configurations and disciplines of communication, for example interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication, intra-organisational communication and management communication (Van der Walt in Verwey Du Plessis, Barker, 2006, p.264 Landman 2005, p.7).Service marketingGronrooss (2000, p.7) perspective on service marketing describes it as an organisation taking the view that an enhanced offering is required to support the customers value-generating processes and that the core solution of a physical product, service or combination of services and goods, is not sufficient to differentiate the offering from those of competitors. Landman (2005, p.8) defines service marketing as an approach to an organizations market that recognizes that the external customer becomes an active part of its processes, and that an organisation in its totality and in all its facets determines the quality of service delivered to the customer.CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEWIntroductionThis chapter presents the review of related literature. According to Chandran (2004), the aim of literature is to provide the researcher with knowledge and understanding of the abstract and analytical framework in their field of study. This chapter examines, analyzes and adds to the knowledge advanced by various scholars in regard to the effectiveness of intranets to communicate the brand message to its internal publics within Standard Chartered Bank of Kenya. It highlights various works in relation to the study. It looks into current literature on theory and practice in relation to internal communication strategies adopted by banks to its internal publics.Internal Corporate CommunicationInternal communication within an organisation is dependent on a number of factors including the type of industry the structure of the organisation organisational culture and managerial style (Kitchen , 1997 Quirke, 2000). Holtz (2006) noted that, in the past, company communication, typically in the form of publications, consisted of the four Bs birthdays, babies, brides and bowling scores. In marked contrast, today, the function of internal communication includes the transmission of organisational goals, activities, new developments, achievements and personal contributions as well as strategic blowy messages (Welch Jackson, 2007). Welch and Jackson (2007) suggest the function of internal communications has four dimensions (1) internal line management, (2) internal team confederate communication, (3) internal project peer communication and (4) internal corporate communication (as illustrated in Table 2.1 on page 18).Table 2.1 Internal communication matrixDimensionLevelDirectionParticipants essenceInternal line management communicationLine managers/supervisorsPredominantlytwo-wayLinemanagers-employeesEmployees rolesPersonal impact e.g. appraisal discussions, team briefingsInter nal team peer communicationTeam colleaguesTwo wayEmployee-employeeTeam information, e.g.team task discussionsInternal project peer communicationProject group colleaguesTwo wayEmployee-employeeProject information e.g. project issuesInternal corporate communicationStrategic managers/top managementPredominantlyone-wayStrategicmanagers-all employeesOrganizational/corporate issues e.g. goals, objectives, new developments, activities and achievementsSource (Welch Jackson, 2007, p.185)These four dimensions emphasize that the content of internal communication has moved from the four Bs into all areas of the organisation including strategic goals and personal development. In addition to the content, the four dimensions also highlight the two-way relationship between employees and managers at all levels of the organisation and the importance of internal communication to organisational success (Tourish, Wilson, 2002 Zetterquist Quirke, 2007) with effective internal communication leading to improved productivity, reduced absenteeism, increased levels of innovation, higher quality of services and products and reduced costs (Argenti, 2007).A 2002 study of internal communication in 100 leading blue-chip companies found that 38 percent of internal communication teams were governed by the human resources department (Quirke, 2003). Four years later a 2006 online written report of internal communications conducted by Melcrum, an internal communication research and training organisation, alternatively proposed that of the 1,149 respondents from different industries and locations, 44 percent state internal communication is the brass of the corporate communications department (Dewhurst, 2007).Kalla (2005) suggests that suggests that there are four domains of integrated internal communication business, management, corporate and organisational. Business communication addresses the communication skills of all employees, management communication focuses on the development of the m anagers communication skills and capabilities, corporate communication focuses on the formal corporate communication function, and organisational communication addresses more philosophically and theoretically oriented issuesManagementCommunicationBusinessCommunicationCorporateCommunicationInternalCommunicationOrganiz